which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct?

Aboud, F. E., & Doyle, A.-B. The stereotypes are pictures in our heads of the social groups (Lippman, 1922). Because Asian students are aware of the stereotype that Asians are good at math, reminding them of this fact before they take a difficult math test can improve their performance on the test (Walton & Cohen, 2003). Which statement is an accurate characterization of the concept of race? b. institutional racism. b. unintelligent a. Mrs. Jane Sullivan b. institutional racism. Parental and peer influences on childrens racial attitudes. a. Research has found that the experience of stereotype threat can help explain a wide variety of performance decrements among those who are targeted by negative stereotypes. b. physical attractiveness Which group has the highest rate of hypertension? b. eugenics. C. purposeful The 1964 Civil Rights Act accomplished what? Eagly, A. H., & Steffen, V. J. Give one example of a superordinate goal. These beliefs just seem right and natural, even though they are frequently distorted overgeneralizations (Hirschfeld, 1996; Yzerbyt, Schadron, Leyens, & Rocher, 1994). In fact, just knowing that stereotype threat exists and may influence performance can help alleviate its negative impact (Johns, Schmader, & Martens, 2005). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 689703. 3 One confederate gave a correct response. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 9961010. a. Racism is no longer a significant problem for Blacks. The outcome is that the stereotypes become linked to the group itself in a set of mental representations (Figure 12.5). a. immigrants. a. there are no differences in the way parents view their newborn daughters and sons. Because the threat is in the air, Black students may be negatively influenced by it. Taylor, S. E., Fiske, S. T., Etcoff, N. L., & Ruderman, A. J. b. Between 1915 and 1923, more than a million Armenians were killed by the Ottoman Turkish government. The Implicit Association Test at age 7: A methodological and conceptual review. b. stereotyping. c. hostile sexism. In most aspects of his life, however, being Scottish American has no meaningful impact on his day-to-day life. Contextual moderation of racial bias: The impact of social roles on controlled and automatically activated attitudes. b. as comic or eccentric figures b. A social psychologist who is within earshot jots down a note so she can use the example in class. At the last second, one of Reggie's teammates misses a shot that costs his team the game. Psychological defense in anticipation of anxiety: Eliminating the potential for anxiety eliminates the effect of mortality salience on worldview defense. B. b. Women who prefer to use the title Ms. are often perceived as: Social psychology differs from psychology in its focus on ______. There are two rival pet stores located across the street from each other. 17. attitude best reflects: which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? We actively categorize not only objects, but also ideas and events. d. projecting. b. Psychological Science, 14(5), 516519. 2 A girl marries the boy next door. 2 We rely on the first information we receive to make internal attributions. a. True Those who view the Mexican American population as stagnating argue that Mexicans are going through a process called Bias against people because of their disabilities is known as: Even today, there is good agreement about the stereotypes of members of many social groups, including men and women and a variety of ethnic groups. c. ethnicity. c. her lack of makeup and jewelry Specifically, he found that although lines C and D (which are actually the same length) were perceived as equal in length when the lines were not categorized, line C was perceived as being significantly longer than line D in the condition in which the lines were categorized. c. 74; 42 What is important is to reduce the self-concern that is engaged when we consider the relevant negative stereotypes. Out-group homogeneity effects in natural and minimal groups. d. ethnicity. 182222). Scientists today dispute the theory that races have significant genetic differences. $23,550 provided by operating activities, c.$15,550 provided by operating activities, d. $42,400 provided by operating activities, e.$20,850 provided by operating activities. . b. females as caregivers and males as workers." Social strategies. Whites have earned the privilege. Stereotypes are the beliefs associated with social categories. 3 People who do it tend to be young and nave. ______ is the model of ethnic integration that exists in Switzerland. d. Roe v. Wade, In American Apartheid (1993), Douglas Massey and Nancy A. Denton argue that _______ is/are responsible for the perpetuation of black poverty and the continued polarization of black and white people. a) Secondary research can be organized in-house or via a research agency. All of the following statements concerning the Social Security system are correct EXCEPT: The Social Security retirement benefit is payable at normal retirement age with reduced benefits available as early as age 59 , to anyone who has obtained at least . c. scapegoating Stangor, C., & Duan, C. (1991). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Psychological Bulletin, 112(3), 536552. d. all of the above, Media define females, more than males, by their Trope, Y., & Thompson, E. (1997). C. categorization The presence of these outsiders might change the direction of social categorization entirely, leading both John and Sarah to think of themselves as students at their own college. Empty cart. To get around this problem, social psychologists make use of a number of techniques that help them measure these beliefs more subtly and indirectly. What is a characteristic of white privilege? d. minority group. Outline your answers clearly B. practicing discrimination c. multiculturalism. Identify what went wrong and what needs to happen to correct the situation. a. genocide. d. ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life. 3, pp. D. Human behavior is not easily changed by the expectations of others. c. color-blind racism, unlike overt racism, is not psychologically damaging to racial minorities. Sarah feels that her positions are correct, and she believes they are true not only for her but for women in general. There are more sexual terms associated with males than with females. b. Well-meaning comments are never insulting. In this case, categorization into two groupsthe short lines group and the long lines groupproduced a perceptual bias such that the two groups of lines were seen as more different than they really were. b. African Americans Because Black students are aware of the (inaccurate) stereotype that Blacks are intellectually inferior to Whites, this stereotype might create a negative expectation, which might interfere with their performance on intellectual tests through fear of confirming that stereotype. Therefore, he does a. stereotype. And which groups we use in social categorization can change over time and in different situations. relationships and domestic topics. Adults tend to stereotype infants but not older children. ", 2 "I did a good job because the task was easy.". Alec was excited that he made it to the finals in swimming. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(7), 778793. Gonzales, P. M., Blanton, H., & Williams, K. J. 2 See answers Advertisement Social psychology is the scientific study of how a person's behavior, thoughts, and feelings are influenced by _______. Complicating things, Gkn tests from different cultural circles cannot simply be translated as . c. Mrs. Jane Collins-Sullivan c. In several forms of media there is a greater emphasis on female than male sexuality. b. Germany; urban (C) Policy dividends are an intentional return of a portion of the premiums paid. b. discriminating. b. laws limiting the rights of blacks in the South during the Civil War a. b. modern sexism and benevolent sexism. Men find it easier to excel in leadership positions, whereas women have to work hard to overcome the false beliefs about their lack of leadership abilities (Phelan & Rudman, 2010). c. often respond with silence, though they experience the interaction as an insult. A. However, halfway through the project, he realized that no one seemed to be completing their assigned tasks, which led him to complete more than his share of the work. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 4855. Explain why social traps do not benefit groups sharing the same interest. We sometimes think of our relationships with others at the individual level and sometimes at the group level. Aronson, J., Lustina, M. J., Good, C., Keough, K., & Steele, C. M. (1999). This truth may come in part from the roles that individuals play in society. A. The role of memory biases in stereotype maintenance. d. discrimination. School Liberty University - Lynchburg, VA. c. male as normative. People who sit farther away are assumed to be more prejudiced toward the members of the group. When Reggie and his team play against one of the schools from a less affluent area, Reggie makes fun of the other team's uniforms. 18 All surveys are administered before instructions for the investment game to minimize strategic responses by subjects. Which of the following groups is most likely to experience age-based prejudice? a. modern sexism. c. In the 2000 Olympics, women who competed in sports involving power or physical contact b. male generic language. One prejudices can be influenced by one's emotional state. Our friends also tend to hold beliefs similar to ours, and we talk about these beliefs when we get together with them (Schaller & Conway, 1999). A superordinate goal is one that is common to two or more groups and requires the cooperation of each group to accomplish. Which statement best characterizes the textbook's assessment of the Trump presidency? Other research using this technique has found that we spontaneously categorize each other on the basis of many other group memberships, including race, academic status (student versus teacher), social roles, and other social categories (Fiske, Haslam, & Fiske, 1991; Stangor, Lynch, Duan, & Glass, 1992). In college textbooks approximately one-half of the references to women are specifically a. ), Prejudice, discrimination and racism (pp. At this point, we would probably not consider them to be acting as group members, but rather as two individuals. c. It outlawed discriminatory voting practices. c. the biological inferiority of blacks Fiske, A. P., Haslam, N., & Fiske, S. T. (1991). morris minor cars for sale in arkansas; treasure inside jokes 0 Home. Define stereotypes and describe the ways that stereotypes are measured. For most of the period of European expansion, Europeans believed themselves to be superior to the people they colonized and conquered. a. only prejudiced people will discriminate. Which of the following statements is true? If police officers were actually not that knowledgeable about the city layout, then using this categorization would not be informative. Along with crystallized intelligence (Gc), domain-specific knowledge (Gkn) is an important ability within the nomological net of acquired knowledge. a. white men and women New York, NY: The Guilford Press. a. stereotyping. Political Premier League . Both Middle Easterners and North Africans are nonwhite. In the end, stereotypes become self-fulfilling prophecies, such that our expectations about the group members make the stereotypes come true (Snyder, Tanke, & Berscheid, 1977; Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974). Alex is standing in line at Wal-Mart waiting to pay for his purchases. Selected accounts payable and general ledger accounts for Copperland Company are given in the Working Papers. c. TV commercials. One indirect approach to assessing prejudice is called the bogus pipeline procedure (Jones & Sigall, 1971). d. all of the above. B. in-group bias a. Stereotypes are frequently expressed on TV, in movies, and in chat rooms and blogs, and we learn a lot of our beliefs from these sources. A man cuts in front of the line and drops his items on the counter. The statements were controlled so that across all the research participants, the statements made by the men and the women were of equal length and quality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(1), 166171. ), Stereotype accuracy: Toward appreciating group differences (pp. There are several pairs of terms for females and males that have the same objective meaning Linville, P. W., & Jones, E. E. (1980). d. Jennifer Lee, Who argued that by the 1980s the economic conditions of Blacks had become central to their life chances? Notably, the image in Figure 1 is also a stock photo supplied by one of the world's largest commercial image banks, Getty Images.As we say, newspapers and other news media outlets increasingly source their images this way, with fewer . Other indirect measures of prejudice are also frequently used in social psychological research, for instanceassessing nonverbal behaviors such as speech errors or physical closeness. blender scale object to specific size; randolph county sheriff's report; . d. often understand it as a compliment, since it is often meant as a compliment. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33(3), 331343. b. some traits are not uniformly applied to women in diverse ethnic groups. And John and Sarah may even change their opinions about each other, forgetting that they really like each other as individuals, because they are now responding more as group members with opposing views. Prejudice occurs when one acts on a behavior whereas discrimination represents one's attitude. 15 pages. Which of the following was a consequence of the U.S. policy of forcing Japanese families into "relocation centers" during World War II? Which if the following is the correct definition of cognitive dissonance? Psychological Review, 100(1), 109128. In short, Sarah is now arguing her points not so much for herself as she is as a representative of one of her ingroupsnamely, womenand John is acting as a representative of one of his ingroupsnamely, men. Effects of multiple task demands upon memory for information about social groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(2), 207218. b. and males is clearly interpreted as inclusive of both genders. d. It outlawed discrimination in the rental or purchase of homes. x+31=2(x32)6x. All Hispanics are nonwhite. (2003). Selected Answer: Social categorization a. modern; benevolent baseball. Psychological Science, 16(3), 175179. a. stress the importance of improving one's physical attractiveness through diet, exercise and a. immigration. Southern and Eastern Europe. a. underrepresentation of females At present, there are three paramedics and two physicians on duty during each shift. a. boys and girls were equally likely to be shown performing physical activities. 2 He made a dispositional attribution. a. in the post-World War II period up to the early 1960s Once they become established, stereotypes (like any other cognitive representation) tend to persevere. d. Hispanics are neither white nor nonwhite. What they have in common is that they are all forms of ________. The game is very close. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(5), 659670. c. racialization. b. (1974). The figure shows links between the social category of college professors and its stereotypes as a type of neural network or schema. In Y. T. Lee, L. J. Jussim, & C. R. McCauley (Eds. Which statement is most consistent with the textbook's conclusions about race? Sarah is a college admissions officer who does not hold prejudicial attitudes about Hispanic people. None of these choices. d. Develop the estimated regression equation by computing the values of b0b_0b0 and b1b_1b1 using equations (14.6) and (14.7). c. assimilation. b. emigration. The spending pattern of most elderly retirees shows an average decline in outflow during the latter part of retirement O Analysis of Social Security shows that If you are like most people, you will have a strong desire to categorize this person as either male or female. In short, stereotypes and prejudice are powerful largely because they are important social norms that are part of our culture (Guimond, 2000). The point at which operating income is equal to $0. c. There is no such thing as racial microaggressions. 3 Two tennis players become good friends. "People stereotype females as communal and males as agentic because they have observed Gender stereotyping research that focused on social class has found that: a. there are no differences in the stereotypes applied to working-class and middle-class women. British Journal of Psychology, 54, 101114. b) the influences of the social world in which we exist. b. Categorization is frequently based on easily identifiable attributes. Which statement about Theodor Adorno's research would Adorno most agree with? According to the U.S. Census, are people with origins in the Middle East and North Africa white? communal-agentic distinction comprising stereotypes of adults. a. more favorably than older men In several forms of media there is a greater emphasis on female than male appearance. B) The simpler the category, the less likely we are to use prototype theory. c. Black men a. Course Title THEO 104 - Introduction to Christian Thought. Parents tend to see their newborns as unique and do not apply gender stereotypes to them. d. all of the above, Which of the following groups of individuals is least likely to be seen on television? c. Racist attitudes are found in all human societies because humans are designed to notice and dislike people who are different. Brian's The genome between socially constructed racial groups is 99.5%-99.9% identical; the 0.1%-0.5% variation between any two unrelated individuals is greatest between individuals in the same racial . C. One's behavior is independent of societal expectations and roles. 4 situational. This process of categorization is known as d. people who are not prejudiced can discriminate. What is the difference between gross pay and net pay for an employee? c. In explaining racial inequality between Blacks and whites, class disadvantages are more significant than racism. We experience more negative affect (particularly anxiety) when we are with members of other groups than we do when we are with people from our own groups, and we need to use more cognitive resources to control our behavior because of our anxiety about revealing our stereotypes or prejudices (Butz & Plant, 2006; Richeson & Shelton, 2003). Question Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? d. b and c, In examining women's sexuality in music and music videos, which of the following statements Stereotyping is problematic when the stereotypes we hold about a social group are inaccurate overall, and particularly when they do not apply to the individual who is being judged (Stangor, 1995). B. automatic (2006). Beliefs about the characteristics of the groups and the members of those groups are known as stereotypes. Which of the following statements about categorization in humans is FALSE? Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Schaller, M., & Conway, G. (1999). Generics express generalizations, but unlike quantified statements, generics do not carry information about how many members of the kind or category have the property. a. racialization. Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. a. Lawrence Bobo answer:-opruon 1 The Social Security retirement benefit is payable at normal retirem . Out of mind but back in sight: Stereotypes on the rebound. 3 "I did a bad job because I'm inept." a. Chapter 2: Social Learning and Social Cognition, Chapter 5: Attitudes, Behavior, and Persuasion, Chapter 11: Working Groups: Performance and Decision Making, Chapter 12: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination, Chapter 13: Competition and Cooperation in Our Social Worlds, Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students, Next: 12.2 Ingroup Favoritism and Prejudice, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. a. Germany; rural We tend to see people who belong to the same social group as more similar than they actually are, and we tend to judge people from different social groups as more different than they actually are. Swim, J. K. (1994). Revan was excited about working with a group of friends on the next science project. Perceived consensus influences intergroup behavior and stereotype accessibility. An integrated process model of stereotype threat effects on performance. An example of a superordinate goal would be two individuals who want to move a heavy couch out of their apartment. Interestingly, and suggesting that categorization is occurring all the time, the instructions that the participants had been given made absolutely no difference. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(12), 16671678. Survey 2 is either a 15-statement integrity survey adapted from Becker and Ulstad's (2007) 20-statement survey or a 14-statement driving skill survey adapted from Clapp et al. ability Eastern Europe. You can see that these social categorizations may create some potential for misperception, and perhaps even hostility. According to Aristotle, an argument satisfies three conditions, and "is based on certain statements made in such a way as necessarily to cause the assertion of things other than those statements . Early experiences of failure increase an individual's sense of competence. c. antimiscegenation 1 affective Alex is standing in line at Wal-Mart waiting to pay for his purchases. a. whites significance level. Which of the following minority groups is the largest? For instance, when a math task is described as diagnostic of intelligence, Latinos and particularly Latinas perform more poorly than do Whites (Gonzales, Blanton, & Williams, 2002). Prejudice: Its social psychology. Imagine now that while John and Sarah are still talking, some students from another college, each wearing the hats and jackets of that school, show up in the student union. Immigrants in this example can be considered a c. Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders I can't believe that I missed it!" 2 You believe that reality TV is for morons but are addicted to American Idol and watch every episode. Johns, M., Schmader, T., & Martens, A. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? poses than in active poses. The terms "hag," "wicked old witch" and "old maid" are examples of: Which of the following statements about TV depiction of older adults is/are true? Given are five observations for two variables, x and y. xi12345yi3751114\begin{array}{r|rrrrr} d. Ms. Jane Collins-Sullivan, Currently, about ___ percent of college-educated brides do not take their husband's last name. Although the meaning of the IAT has been debated (Tetlock & Mitchell, 2008), research using implicit measures does suggest thatwhether we know it or not, and even though we may try to control them when we canour stereotypes and prejudices are easily activated when we see members of different social categories (Barden, Maddux, Petty, & Brewer, 2004). Whites regularly engage in overt racism against Asian Americans. c. Both of the above I think you would agree that you are more likely to categorize yourself as a member of your college or university when your basketball or football team has just won a really important game, or at your commencement day ceremony, than you would on a normal evening out with your family. This is of course another example of the general principle of assimilationwe tend to perceive the world in ways that make it fit our existing beliefs more easily than we change our beliefs to fit the reality around us. Use the purchases journal from the previous exercise. c. Ireland; rural C. The point at which sales revenue equals contribution margin. c. Hispanics d. poor diet. c. Asian Americans Which of the following statements concerning women's participation in sports is/are true? c. Japanese Americans The woman is the mother of a 2-year-old boy. c. as active, mature adults Psychological Science, 14(3), 287290. Controlling urges and selecting the appropriate response are Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(4), 645654. c. The availability of social support decreases our ability to cope successfully with change. Lines C and D were seen as the same length in the noncategorized condition, but line C was perceived as longer than line D when the lines were categorized into two groups. The bogus pipeline procedure suggests that people may frequently mask their negative beliefs in publicpeople express more prejudice when they are in the bogus pipeline than they do when they are asked the same questions more directly. There are clear-cut physical differences between races. Scientists today dispute the theory that races have significant genetic differences. Ethan is a white man who has Scottish ancestry and wore a kilt to his wedding. d. social role theory. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? B. 15. Ann Hopkins filed a lawsuit against Price Waterhouse asserting that her promotion for c. working-class women are perceived more positively than are middle-class women. c. hostile; modern b) There are clear-cut views on data classification and application categorization. 2 It is deliberate and conscious.

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