Stephenson valve gear was invented by employees of the Stephenson's Locomotive Works during the 1840's. A site dedicated to animation of mechanisms, pneumatic, hydraulic and electronic components. Once the valve gear is in place and has been set up, the engineer controls the valve gear from the cab, so can make tiny adjustments to make the engine work at it's most efficient. I'm not satisfied with the simpler explanations. The White books inventories early (1800s) valve gear and I thought said most had no cutoff or a limited number of settings before the Stephenson valve gear provided variable cutoff. For each of the three valve gear animations presented the reverse lever is illustrated in four positions described as full forward motion, forward motion near center; centered and full backward motion. Valve gears such as Walschaert's are said to be constant lead valve gears. William T. James valve gear 1832, used first by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, United States. Probably the most heavily used valve gear was the Stephenson in view of it being applied to nearly all of the old small power when built in the 1800's and early 1900's. Piston valves which superseded slide valves in the 20th century; 3. In 1844 Egide Walschaerts invented a valve gear that by 1848 appeared very much as it does today. Animated Steam Valve Gears By fisker76 From a page on SteamLocomotive.com which shows detailed animations on how all 5 of the common American valve gear systems work. This fine model in the Science Museum, South Kensington, can be operated by the public and clearly shows the application and working principles of the Gooch gear. Piston valves which superseded slide valves in the 20th century; 3. I also thought White said the limitations of cutoff made it difficult to reverse a steam locomotive. STEPHENSON’S LINK VALVE GEAR – GWR HALL 4-6-0 This kit is designed to accurately produce in 4mm scale a working model of the Stephenson’s link valve gear. The reversing shaft goes across the frames and activates both sets of valve gear, (and there is no reach rod on the left hand side of course) but the rock shafts and rock arm assemblies are on both sides of the locomotive and independant of each other. Now the fun starts; it's time to animate the valve gear. ... especially in this context the page on Stephenson's gear. Another variation derived from the Stephenson gear was the Allan straight link motion. It quickly became popular, and was probably the most common kind of valve gear that was inherited by the LNER. Stephenson link animation.gif 164 × 615; 108 KB. The valves on a steam engine control the flow of steam in and out of the cylinders. How would one go about animating a Stephenson valve gear.jpg)? Walschaerts' gear has two distinct inputs, from the eccentric & from the crosshead. For those that would like to study how valve the valves of a Stanley engine function this program is highly recommended. Spend a bit more time with the valve gear program. The Principles of the Joy and Walschaerts Motions. (270K GIF) An even larger version with animated cycling of the cutoff and reverse linkage action. The Stephenson valve gear was developed by William Howe and William Williams at the Stephenson Locomotive Works in 1841. Hi. USING VALVE GEAR SIMULATORS by Don Ashton ... Stephenson’s gears way back in the Acorn computer days. (self.3dsmax) submitted 3 years ago * by TrabantDeLuxe. Allan valve gear, a straight-link valve gear. UpDated Mar 20, 2009 Windows Ver 2.7.3 Several types of valves were developed over the years, but most fall within three main catagories: 1. DESIGN AND INVENTION - 13 THE Stephenson, Allan, and Gooch link motions required four eccentrics on the driving axle, as explained in the chapter “Locomotive Valve Gears”.With inside-cylinder engines this requirement restricted the thickness of the crank webs - a serious matter as the engines increased in size. Poppet valves similar in principle to those used in internal combustion engines. This is a Martin Evans design from Model Engineer of an 0-4-2 tank engine. Inside Walschaerts' isn't common, the Great Western Castles & Kings used it; the geometry is exactly the same as outside gear. Slide valves largely used in the 19th century; 2. The middle pivot of the valve lever appears to be at the centre of the link when the crank is fully forward, in this case at animation frame 8. See also Valves. Although a brief glance into history (except on the Continent) might place Stephenson’s gear as being largely replaced by Walschaerts’ gear around the turn of the 20th century, both gears were invented almost simultaneously. STEAM ENGINE VALVE GEAR ON THE COMPUTER Windows Version by Charles Dockstader HCR 69 Box 3111 California Valley CA 93453 805 475 2519. However, in this case it is less easy to relate the valvegear mechanism to the equivalent eccentric. The Gooch valve motion set for running ahead. Since those early days he has gradually upgraded his program through to a Windows 32-bit version. 230: Walschaert gear Approximate theory . 246: When it comes to valve gear, I don't pretend to be an expert, but I'm presently setting up Stephenson valve gear on the 7 1/4" Dart (inside cylinders) I'm building. The Stephenson valve gear remained the most popularly used valve gear on 19th-century locomotives. The culmination was Don Ashton’s production of two booklets dedicated to Walschaerts’ Gear and Stephenson’s Gear, published in 1976. The entire wiki with photo and video galleries for each article When running on air, there is a "sweet spot" when the valves are notched up half way, but it starts to run rough as you approach mid-gear. The Walschaerts valve gear was slow to gain popularity. yes, once the design engineer has made modification unique to the locomotive. [Animation] Rigging Stephenson's valve gear. The animation is accessed from this window and all windows are printable. Stephenson valve gear was an early type of valve gear that allowed the 'cut off' of steam admission to be finely adjusted from the footplate. Although its use on new locomotives was in significant decline before the fo… Larry also points out the fact that Cut-Off is always 75% when Lap equals Port Width, for all values of Port Width. Stephenson link eccentrics, Snibston.jpg 4,000 × 3,000; 5.03 MB. 239: Example . For reasons of practicality two significant deviations from the prototype have been made. In the USA it quickly became the most popular valve gear through the 1800's. With the advent of higher boiler pressures it probably was Walschaerts-hands down. In 1874, New Zealand Railways ordered two types of Double Fairlie locomotives from Avonside. The Walschaert gear had the advantage that it could be mounted entirely on the outside of the locomotives, leaving the space between the wheels and frames clear; this caused adoption first among some articulated locomotives. Both the B class and E class Double Fairlies wer… A well designed Stephenson's and Walschaerts valve gear does provide such valve events. The die slides in a channel in this block, run the valve gear program & look at the rotation at about 30 - … Poppet valves similar in principle to those used in internal combustion engines. Some examples are prepared for reference Stephenson gear. IN FORWARD GEAR. When you also factor in the up and down movement of the driving axle on steam locomotives further compromising the valve events, then it is a poor substitute, except for it's simplicity and cheapness of construction. The initial stage of the analysis which determines the details of the 'equivalent eccentric' is the same as for Walschaerts gear. Stephenson Valve Gear Computer Simulation Program Charles Dockstader has created an excellent program that simulates the operation of Stephenson Valve Gear action. Charles has placed his programs in the public domain as freeware. It was used on the overwhelming majority of marine engines. When this condition become serious the Stephenson gear was abandoned in favor of the Walschaert type shown in this animation, which, in various modifications, … 241: ArT FAGIS . Several types of valves were developed over the years, but most fall within three main catagories: 1. 162: ... Walschaert gear Valve displacement curves of the Northern Railway of France gear . (562K GIF) Animating the Valve Gear. Steam Locomotive Walschaert Valve Gear Animation Based on 4-6-2 Pacific, Soo #2714: images, data. The design used eccentrics on the driving axle of the locomotive to control valve motion. Stephenson valve gear is a convenient arrangement for any engine that needs to reverse and was widely applied to railway locomotives, traction engines, steam car engines and to stationary engines that needed to reverse, such as rolling-mill engines. From Larry Koehl, Live Steam Magazine, June 1976 The Throw of Eccentric formula, below, applies only to locomotives using Stephenson valve gear. Slide valves largely used in the 19th century; 2. * Here's an animated view, with the lifting link not shown. Steam Locomotive Walschaert Valve Gear Animation Cutoff, usually quoted as a percentage, is the point in the piston stroke at which the supply of steam to the cylinder is cut off by the closing of the valve. The Walschaerts gear had the advantage that it could be mounted entirely on the outside of the locomotives, leaving the space between the frames clear; this caused adoption first among some articulated locomotives. Stephenson link valve gear.jpg 655 × 349; 105 KB. Tho drawing of the valve displacement curves of a Stephenson link motion . Valve movement is derived from eccentric rods. Home Engines Gears Indexing Pumps Linkages Couplings Pneumatics Electronics Electricity Arduino Reciprocations Straight Line Cams Thermodynamics Power Generation Miscellaneous Feedback FAQ About. Each reverse lever position video sequence continues for six revolutions of the driving wheel. It is fitted to 0-4-0WT "Dolgoch", preserved on the Talyllyn Railway. By using small adjustments in valve position and eccentric angle (adjust the eccentric angle so its the same for ALL eccentrics), I was able to have the valves just crack open in mid gear. It is based on the eccentric rod valve gear developed for stationary steam engines, but with the added complexity that unlike a stationary steam engine, a steam locomotive needs to reverse. Stephenson link valve gear hu.PNG 655 × 349; 72 KB. Larry suggests adding up to 0.002 inches to the Throw of Eccentric value for each pin in the valve gear (including the eccentric, too) because, even when new, there will be lost motion, possibly enough to eliminate the lead. Stephenson valve gear - most common valve gear in the 19th century, normally inside the locomotive frame. The valves on a steam engine control the flow of steam in and out of the cylinders. We thought we'd share it with you. Stephenson link motion (Heat Engines, 1913).jpg 448 × 280; 20 KB. These volumes were combined and updated with additional information in 2000 and again in 2007, when the opportunity to include the advances in computer simulation became so useful. Maximum cutoff (typically 75%) is used for starting a train and is reduced by the operator as the train accelerates to speed. The amount of lead remains constant over the whole range of cut offs that the gear is designed to provide. Here's a larger version, with 'color coded steam' and sound. 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