[164] The defence team consisted of German lawyer Robert Servatius, legal assistant Dieter Wechtenbruch, and Eichmann himself. Horst Adolf Eichmann (born 1940 in Vienna) Dieter Helmut Eichmann (born 1942 in Prague) Ricardo Francisco Eichmann ( de) (born 1955 in Buenos Aires) Prind/r. Remove advertising from a memorial by sponsoring it for just $5. This was the first time that the Holocaust was presented to a competent judicial body in full detail, in all its stages and from all its aspects. Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. [163] The chief prosecutor was Israeli Attorney General Gideon Hausner, assisted by Deputy Attorney General Gabriel Bach and Tel Aviv District Attorney Yaakov Bar-Or. children = Klaus Eichmann, Horst Adolf Eichmann, Dieter Helmut Eichmann, Ricardo Francisco Eichmann. Try again later. [59], Jews were concentrated into ghettos in major cities with the expectation that at some point they would be transported farther east or even overseas. [80], Eichmann did not make policy, but acted in an operational capacity. [222] Historians such as Christopher Browning, Deborah Lipstadt, Yaacov Lozowick, and David Cesarani reached a similar conclusion: that Eichmann was not the unthinking bureaucratic functionary that Arendt believed him to be.[223]. [115], Several survivors of the Holocaust, among them Jewish Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal, dedicated themselves to finding Eichmann and other Nazis. [140] Eitan told the Haaretz newspaper in 2008 that the team decided not to pursue Mengele as it might have jeopardised the Eichmann operation. Adolf Eichmann's children include Klaus, Horst Adolf, Dieter Helmut, and eventually Ricardo as well. Thousands of miles away, in Argentina, the news didn't sit well with three of his four sons. [23] In late December, when this unit was dissolved, Eichmann was promoted to SS-Scharfhrer (squad leader, equivalent to corporal). Shalom Nagar sprung the gallows under Adolf Eichmann over 40 years ago. Adolf Eichmann - Wikipdia, a enciclopdia livre He was. After the war, uncertainty over his forenames became apparent. [103], At the end of the war, Eichmann was captured by US forces and spent time in several camps for SS officers using forged papers that identified him as Otto Eckmann. His father, Adolf Eichmann, alias Richard Klement, was 50. Lesson Quiz . [210], Rafi Eitan, who accompanied Eichmann to the hanging, claimed in 2014 to have heard him later mumble "I hope that all of you will follow me", making those his final words. He was tasked by SS-Obergruppenfuhrer Reinhard Heydrich with facilitating and managing the logistics involved in the mass deportation of Jews to ghettos and extermination camps in Nazi occupied Eastern Europe during World War II. Eichmann's second son, born in Vienna in . Adolf Eichmann Family, Career & Trial | Who was Adolf Eichmann? Adolph Eichmann was hanged in Tel-Aviv on May 31, 1962, according to Britannica. 'Adolf Eichmann is a historical figure to me.' Ricardo Eichmann speaks [129][130] Harel arrived in May 1960 to oversee the capture. cemeteries found within kilometers of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Specifically: seeking burial information at this time, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/195745810/horst-adolf-eichmann. [186] Regarding the Wannsee Conference, Eichmann stated that he felt a sense of satisfaction and relief at its conclusion. For memorials with more than one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the photos tab. Adolf Eichmann - Wikipedia, den frie encyklopdi During the trial, he did not deny the Holocaust or his role in organising it, but said he was simply following orders in a totalitarian Fhrerprinzip system. - Born 19-03-1906, Solingen. The Daily Mail reveals identity of Eichmann's 4 sons - Ynetnews No animated GIFs, photos with additional graphics (borders, embellishments. [78] The genocide was code-named Operation Reinhard in honour of Heydrich, who had died in Prague in early June from wounds suffered in an assassination attempt. The suggestion was dismissed, Hagen giving two reasons in his report: a strong Jewish presence in Palestine might lead to their founding an independent state, which would run contrary to Reich policy; it was also against Reich policy to allow the free transferal of "Jewish capital". Adolf Eichmann was responsible for killing about 6 million Jews and remained unapologetic till his . Otto Adolf Eichmann lahir pada 19 Maret 1906 di Solingen, Kekaisaran Jerman. Report: Adolf Eichmann's sons established Nazi terror cell in Argentina Barracks were planned but never completed. [122] In 1957, Bauer passed the information in person to Mossad director Isser Harel, who assigned operatives to undertake surveillance, but no concrete evidence was initially found. Early life [ edit] In brief - Karl Adolf Eichmann (1906-1962) headed Gestapo Department IV B 4 for Jewish Affairs, serving as a self proclaimed 'Jewish specialist' and was the man responsible for keeping the trains rolling from all over Europe to death camps during the Final Solution. He interrogated Eichmann. 60 years later, he remembers. - The Forward [40] Eichmann and Hagen attempted to return to Palestine a few days later, but were denied entry after the British authorities refused them the required visas. The Nazi Party was banned in Austria around the same time. [72] Around this time, Eichmann was promoted to SS-Obersturmbannfhrer (lieutenant colonel), the highest rank he achieved. [90] Round-ups began on 16 April, and from 14 May, four trains of 3,000 Jews per day left Hungary and travelled to the camp at Auschwitz II-Birkenau, arriving along a newly built spur line that terminated a few hundred metres away from the gas chambers. [75] Eichmann attended the conference, oversaw the stenographer who took the minutes, and prepared the official distributed record of the meeting. Born in Solingen, Germany, in 1906, Adolf Eichmann was the son of a moderately successful Austrian businessman and industrialist. Son of SS Obersturmfuehrer (Lt. By the time the transports were stopped in July 1944, 437,000 of Hungary's 725,000 Jews had been killed. Please contact Find a Grave at [emailprotected] if you need help resetting your password. [81] Specific deportation orders came from his RSHA superior, Gestapo chief Mller, acting on Himmler's behalf. [144] They arrived in Israel on 22 May, and Ben-Gurion announced his capture to the Knesset the following afternoon. He returned to Germany in 1933, where he joined the Sicherheitsdienst (SD, "Security Service"); there he was appointed head of the department responsible for Jewish affairs especially emigration, which the Nazis encouraged through violence and economic pressure. P grund af hans talent for organisation, plidelighed og arbejdsiver, fik han af . Holokaustoren garraioaren ardura izan zuen. Eichmann havde 4 snner. [c] The trial was widely followed in the media and was later the subject of several books, including Hannah Arendt's Eichmann in Jerusalem, in which Arendt coined the phrase "the banality of evil" to describe Eichmann. based on information from your browser. Sorry! [112] The surviving audio recordings became public in 2022. He also drew up plans for a Jewish reservation, first at Nisko in southeast Poland and later in Madagascar, but neither of these plans was carried out. Why Adolf Eichmann's final message remains so profoundly unsettling [43] Jewish community organisations were placed under supervision of the SD and tasked with encouraging and facilitating Jewish emigration. Resend Activation Email, Please check the I'm not a robot checkbox, If you want to be a Photo Volunteer you must enter a ZIP Code or select your location on the map. Otto Adolf Eichmann, nemki astnik SS in vojni zloinec, * 19. marec 1906, Solingen, Nemko cesarstvo, 31. maj 1962, Ramla, Izrael.. Nemki nacionalsocialistini stranki se je pridruil e leta 1932 in po vzponu stranke na oblast vstopil v sestavo Schutzstaffel (SS), kjer je sasoma napredoval v Obersturmbannfhrerja (ustreznica podpolkovnika). You are only allowed to leave one flower per day for any given memorial. [161] Hausner's opening address began, "It is not an individual that is in the dock at this historic trial and not the Nazi regime alone, but anti-Semitism throughout history. They planned to seize him when he was walking beside an open field from the bus stop to his house. Add to your scrapbook. Try again later. [135] The plan was almost abandoned on the designated day when Eichmann was not on the bus that he usually took home,[136] but he got off another bus about half an hour later. He even learned a smattering of Hebrew and Yiddish, gaining a reputation as a specialist in Zionist and Jewish matters. [192], The trial adjourned on 14 August, and the verdict was read on 12 December. cemeteries found within miles of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. An email has been sent to the person who requested the photo informing them that you have fulfilled their request, There is an open photo request for this memorial. Blind refugee led Israel to Eichmann | World news | The Guardian "[114] Sassen asked him: "When you say Final Solution, do you mean they should be eradicated? Adolf Eichmann - New World Encyclopedia Visitors included Hermann Goering, Heinrich Himmler, Kaltenbrunner, and Baron Leopold von Mildenstein. He obtained new identity papers with the name of Otto Heninger and relocated frequently over the next several months, moving ultimately to the Lneburg Heath. [168] Capital Cities Broadcasting Corporation of the United States obtained exclusive rights to videotape the proceedings for television broadcast. As chief of the Gestapo's Jewish section, Adolf Eichmann oversaw the deportation and murder of millions of Jews during World War II, and promoted the use of gas chambers in the death camps. "[159], Eichmann's trial before a special tribunal of the Jerusalem District Court began on 11 April 1961. [147] In the ensuing debate, Israeli representative (and later prime minister) Golda Meir claimed that the abductors were not Israeli agents but private individuals, meaning that the incident was only an "isolated violation of Argentine law. [137] He was held there for nine days, during which time his identity was double-checked and confirmed. [10], Eichmann attended the Kaiser Franz Joseph Staatsoberrealschule (state secondary school) in Linz, the same high school Adolf Hitler had attended 17 years before. Adolf Karl Eichmann. Introduction. Adolf Eichmann was the main architect of the Final Solution, the Nazi plan to exterminate Jews that led to more than six million deaths. In hiding from Nazi-hunters, Adolf. [82] Eichmann's office was responsible for collecting information on the Jews in each area, organising the seizure of their property, and arranging for and scheduling trains. [156] Using documents provided primarily by Yad Vashem and Nazi hunter Tuviah Friedman, Less was often able to determine when Eichmann was lying or being evasive. After the death of Maria in 1916, Eichmann's father married Maria Zawrzel, a devout Protestant with two sons. [45] Eichmann was promoted to SS-Obersturmfhrer (first lieutenant) in July 1938, and appointed to the Central Agency for Jewish Emigration in Vienna, created in August in a room in the former Palais Albert Rothschild at Prinz-Eugen-Strae 2022. For the first time, British website MailOnline shed light on the fates of the four sons of Nazi archcriminal Adolf Eichmannone of the principal organizers of the Holocaust. He returned to Berlin, where he arranged for the incriminating records of Department IV-B4 to be burned. Now they are touring the U.S. in a traveling exhibition about the Mossad's legendary capture of Nazi officer Adolf Eichmann. Scuba Certification; Private Scuba Lessons; Scuba Refresher for Certified Divers; Try Scuba Diving; Enriched Air Diver (Nitrox) For the film, see, Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks, Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators, Resistance, victims, documentation and technical, Policy transition from emigration to deportation. [177] In addition to wartime documents, material presented as evidence included tapes and transcripts from Eichmann's interrogation and Sassen's interviews in Argentina. Adolf Eichmann was one of the key players in the design of the "Final Solution," the Nazi plan that called for the genocide of all Jews during World War II. [151], The assertion that the CIA knew Eichmann's location and withheld that information from the Israelis has been challenged as "ahistorical". These are the three countries with which I have been most connected and which I will not forget. The documentary, directed by Yariv Mozer and produced by Kobi Sitt, featured extracts of Eichmann speaking in German. [41] Their report on their visit was published in 1982. Report: Adolf Eichmann's sons established Nazi terror cell in Argentina to attack Jews Eichmann had four sons; the three eldest, Klaus, Horst and Dieter, remained loyal to him even after his death. He ended up in a small village in Lower Saxony, where he lived until 1950, when he moved to Argentina using false papers he obtained with help from an organisation directed by Catholic bishop Alois Hudal. . [7] His parents were Adolf Karl Eichmann, a bookkeeper, and Maria (ne Schefferling), a housewife. "Eichmann" redirects here. [150], US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) documents declassified in 2006 show that the capture of Eichmann caused alarm at the CIA and West German Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND). [96] In June 1944 Eichmann was involved in negotiations with Rudolf Kasztner that resulted in the rescue of 1,684 people, who were sent by train to safety in Switzerland in exchange for three suitcases full of diamonds, gold, cash, and securities. They disembarked in Buenos Aires in early July 1952, where they were met by Adolf Eichmann posing as their uncle Ricardo, Vera cried with joy on seeing her husband. He married Veronika Vera Lieblov on 21 March 1935, in Germany. Truth behind new Netflix blockbuster of Adolf Eichmann's capture advertisement. Share this memorial using social media sites or email. [221], In her 2011 book Eichmann Before Jerusalem, based largely on the Sassen interviews and Eichmann's notes made while in exile, Bettina Stangneth argues instead that Eichmann was an ideologically motivated antisemite and lifelong committed Nazi who intentionally built a persona as a faceless bureaucrat for presentation at the trial. The plan was stymied by Hans Frank, governor-general of the occupied territories, who was disinclined to accept the deportees as to do so would have a negative impact on economic development and his ultimate goal of Germanisation of the region. Eichmann, som uppndde tjnstegraden Obersturmbannfhrer (motsvarande versteljtnant inom armn) r 1941, var chef fr Amt IV:B4 inom Reichssicherheitshauptamt, Nazitysklands skerhetsministerium. Eichmann, the. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. He was found guilty on all of the charges, and was executed by hanging on 1 June 1962. '"[71] The initial plan was to implement Generalplan Ost after the conquest of the Soviet Union. The long-lost Adolf Eichmann recordings shown in new documentary His wife, who disliked Berlin, resided in Prague with the children. During World War I Eichmann's father was a soldier, and returned to the family business in Linz at the war's conclusion in 1918. War Merit Cross 1st Class with swords. Burial Details Unknown. Adolf Otto Eichmann, fdd 19 mars 1906 i Solingen, dd 1 juni 1962 i Ramle i Israel ( avrttad ), var en tysk SS-officer. [128] Argentina had a history of turning down extradition requests for Nazi criminals, so rather than filing a probably futile request for extradition, Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion made the decision that Eichmann should be captured and brought to Israel for trial. Otto Adolf Eichmann was a German Nazi SS-Obersturmbannfuhrer and one of the major organizers of the Holocaust. This account already exists, but the email address still needs to be confirmed. [185] Servatius also proposed that decisions of the Nazi government were acts of state and therefore not subject to normal judicial proceedings. [202] On 29 May, the Supreme Court rejected the appeal and upheld the District Court's judgment on all counts. [169] Many major newspapers from all over the globe sent reporters and published front-page coverage of the story. [191] During later examination by the judges, he admitted he meant the Jews, and said the remark was an accurate reflection of his opinion at the time. Please try again later. - Buried Ashes scattered at sea over the Mediterranean from Jaffa Port, beyond the territorial waters of Israel by an Israeli Navy patrol boat. [33][213] He does not agree that his father's "following orders" argument excuses his actions and observes how his father's lack of remorse caused "difficult emotions" for the Eichmann family. [105], In 1948, Eichmann obtained a landing permit for Argentina and false identification under the name Ricardo Klement through an organisation directed by Bishop Alois Hudal, an Austrian cleric and Nazi sympathiser then residing in Italy. But one object crucial to the mission's success is not on display: the . [99] At the end of August he was assigned to head a commando squad to assist in the evacuation of 10,000 ethnic Germans trapped on the Hungarian border with Romania in the path of the advancing Red Army. [49] On 27 September 1939 the SD and the Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo, "Security Police") the latter comprising the Geheime Staatspolizei (Gestapo) and Kriminalpolizei (Kripo) police agencies were combined into the new Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA, "Reich Security Main Office"), which was placed under Heydrich's control. Failed to delete memorial. He held a series of low-paying jobs until finding employment at Mercedes-Benz, where he rose to department head. Both organisations had known for at least two years that Eichmann was hiding in Argentina, but they did not act because it did not serve their interests in the Cold War. Klaus arrived not long after, however, and addressed Eichmann as "Father". [5] The execution was attended by a small group of officials, four journalists and the Canadian clergyman William Lovell Hull, who had been Eichmann's spiritual counselor while in prison. To coordinate planning for the genocide, Reinhard Heydrich, who was Eichmann's superior, hosted the regime's administrative leaders at the Wannsee Conference on 20 January 1942. Eichmann was frightened and attempted to leave, but two more Mossad men came to Malkin's aid. As a clear decision to exterminate had been made by his superiors, the matter was out of his hands; he felt absolved of any guilt. Learn more about managing a memorial . Oops, we were unable to send the email. [6][219] In his 1988 book Justice, Not Vengeance, Wiesenthal said: "The world now understands the concept of 'desk murderer'. You may not upload any more photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 20 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 5 photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 30 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 15 photos to this memorial. Adolf Eichmann and the banality of evil. He announced plans to create a reservation in the General Government (the portion of Poland not incorporated into the Reich), where Jews and others deemed undesirable would await further deportation. Hn jrjesti keskitysleireille lhetettvien ihmisten tunnistamisen ja kuljetukset. [31] The couple had four sons: Klaus (born 1936 in Berlin), Horst Adolf (born 1940 in Vienna), Dieter Helmut (born 1942 in Prague) and Ricardo Francisco (born 1955 in Buenos Aires). [46] By the time he left Vienna in May 1939, nearly 100,000 Jews had left Austria legally, and many more had been smuggled out to Palestine and elsewhere. Please enter your email and password to sign in. His family moved to Germany in 1920. [91][93] Under international pressure, the Hungarian government halted deportations on 6 July 1944, by which time over 437,000 of Hungary's 725,000 Jews had died. This was the first employment stop for many Nazis arriving in . [125] German geologist Gerhard Klammer, who had worked with Eichmann in the early 1950s, provided Bauer with Eichmann's address and photograph. The appeal was heard by a five-judge Supreme Court panel consisting of Supreme Court President Yitzhak Olshan and judges Shimon Agranat, Moshe Zilberg, Yoel Zussman, and Alfred Witkon. [53] Meanwhile, as part of Hitler's long-range resettlement plans, hundreds of thousands of ethnic Germans were being transported into the annexed territories, and ethnic Poles and Jews were being moved further east, particularly into the General Government. Eichmann's Son: My Father's Execution Was "Just Sentence For the first time, British website MailOnline shed light on Friday on the fates of the four sons of Nazi archcriminal Adolf Eichmann - one of the principal organizers of the Holocaust.Eichmann, the mastermind of the so-called "Final Solution" to rid Europe of its Jews, sent 6 million Jews to th . From the early fifties, rumors proliferated claiming that he was in South America, as the intelligence services of Western Germany and the United States had already learned with certainty. Adolf Eichmann - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. [60][61] Horrendous conditions in the ghettos severe overcrowding, poor sanitation, and a lack of food resulted in a high death rate. Otto Adolf Eichmann, March 19, Adolf Eichmann was also known as Otto Adolf Eichmann, He was a lieutenant colonel in the German Army. Ricardo Eichmann was born near Buenos Aires in 1955. [18], On the advice of family friend and local SS leader Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Eichmann joined the Austrian branch of the Nazi Party on 1 April 1932, member number 889,895. [22] After he attended a training programme at the SS depot in Klosterlechfeld in August, Eichmann returned to the Passau border in September, where he was assigned to lead an eight-man SS liaison team to guide Austrian National Socialists into Germany and smuggle propaganda material from there into Austria. Flowers added to the memorial appear on the bottom of the memorial or here on the Flowers tab. Long live Argentina. In 1914 his family moved to Linz, Austria, where his father had joined the 'Linz Tramway and . Every morning, the words " Beth Hamishpath . [68] The Generalplan Ost (General Plan for the East) called for deporting the population of occupied Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union to Siberia, for use as slave labour or to be murdered. In January 1946, he succeeded in escaping from the prison. This law had previously been used to prosecute about 30 people, all but one of them Jewish Holocaust survivors, who were alleged to have been, Eichmann was a member of three of the organisations that had been declared criminal at the, Central Agency for Jewish Emigration in Vienna, Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, "Eichmann Refused to Admit Guilt in Last-ditch Bid for Clemency", "Long-lost Recordings of Eichmann Confessing to the Final Solution Revealed", "SS-Obersturmbannfhrer (Retired): 'Eichmann Before Jerusalem,' by Bettina Stangneth", "Fifty Years After: A Critical Look at the Eichmann Trial", "Why Israel's Capture of Eichmann Caused Panic at the CIA", "Sleepwalker: Arendt, Thoughtlessness, and the Question of Little Eichmanns", "The long-lost Adolf Eichmann recordings shown in new documentary", "Ben-Gurion's bombshell: 'We've caught Eichmann', "Wie Eichmann vom sterreicher zum Deutschen wurde", "The Wannsee Conference, the Fate of German Jews, and Hitler's Decision in Principle to Exterminate All European Jews", "Eichmann's final barb: 'I hope that all of you will follow me', "Hallaron pasaporte utilizado por Adolf Eichmann: ser conservado en el Museo del Holocausto de Buenos Aires", "Pardon Plea by Adolf Eichmann, Nazi War Criminal, Is Made Public", "Nazi Tapes Provide a Chilling Sequel to the Eichmann Trial", "Testimony of Rudolf Hss testimony at the Nuremberg Trials, April 15, 1946", "The trial of Adolf Eichmann and the protection of universal human rights under international law", "The Wannsee Conference in the Development of the 'Final Solution', "The Eichmann Case and the Distortion of History", "Eichmann's son: 'There is no way I can explain' deeds", "Ex-Mossad Agent: We Let Nazi Doctor Mengele Get Away", "Holocaust organizer sought clemency, saying he was 'mere instrument', "Israel Supreme Court Names Justices to Hear Eichmann's Appeal", "Israel to Pay Reward In Capture of Eichmann", "Special publication: Behind the scenes at the Eichmann Trial", "Wiesenthal Center Marks Eichmann Capture in Argentina Fifty Years Later", Uncovering the Architect of the Holocaust: The CIA Names File on Adolf Eichmann, "Eichmann Tells His Own Damning Story (Part I)", "Adolf Eichmann: The Mind of a War Criminal", List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust, Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, International Youth Meeting Center in Owicim/Auschwitz, Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust, National Political Institutes of Education, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Eichmann&oldid=1142642411, Escapees from United States military detention, German people convicted of crimes against humanity, People executed for crimes against humanity, Recipients of the Iron Cross (1939), 2nd class, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, War Merit Cross, Second Class (With Swords), This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 15:50. Information collected by Mossad, Israel's intelligence agency, confirmed his location in 1960. "[147] On 23 June, the Council passed Resolution 138, which agreed that Argentine sovereignty had been violated and requested that Israel should make reparations. [194] He was deemed responsible for the dreadful conditions on board the deportation trains and for obtaining Jews to fill those trains. [217], The use of "Eichmann" as an archetype stems from Hannah Arendt's notion of the "banality of evil". Daughter of Maty Liebl and Marie Liebl Wife of Otto Adolf Eichmann Mother of Private; Private; Private and Private Sister of Franz Liebl and NN Liebl. A German Nazi and SS-Obersturmbannfhrer and one of the major organizers of the Holocaust. [48] After discussions with Hitler in the preceding weeks, on 21 September SS-Obergruppenfhrer Reinhard Heydrich, head of the SD, advised his staff that Jews were to be collected into cities in Poland with good rail links to facilitate their expulsion from territories controlled by Germany, starting with areas that had been incorporated into the Reich. The 40-year-old Eichmann also said he believed the execution of his father in Israel in 1962 was justified. Eichmann arrived the same day, and was soon joined by top members of his staff and five or six hundred members of the SD, SS, and SiPo. [193][196] When considering the sentence, the judges concluded that Eichmann had not merely been following orders, but believed in the Nazi cause wholeheartedly and had been a key perpetrator of the genocide. He escaped from a work detail at Cham, Germany, when he realised that his identity had been discovered. His birth certificate as well as official Nazi-era documents confirm that "Otto Adolf" is correct.
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