A commercial version of Alan Turing's Pilot ACE, called DEUCEthe Digital Electronic Universal Computing Engine -- is used mostly for science and engineering problems and a few commercial applications. During three years of production, IBM sells 19 701s to research laboratories, aircraft companies, and the federal government. What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when she has her students link up with local writers who critique the students' stories and email them feedback before their work is finalized and posted online? Its large scope intrigued early hackers at MIT, who wrote the first computerized video game, SpaceWar!, as well as programs to play music. After the war, he concentrated on the development of Princetons Institute for Advanced Studies computer. Beginning with the VAX-11/780, the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX family of computers rivals much more expensive mainframe computers in performance and features the ability to address over 4 GB of virtual memory, hundreds of times the capacity of most minicomputers. The Apple Newton Personal Digital Assistant. workstations. The 2200 used a built-in CRT, cassette tape for storage, and ran the programming language BASIC. Selling for $1,750, the Micral never penetrated the U.S. market. Apps, games, and accessories helped spur the popularity of the iPad and led to its adoption in thousands of different applications from movie making, creating art, making music, inventory control and point-of-sale systems, to name but a few. Promotional shot of the Compaq Deskpro 386s. any combo of hardware or software designed to provide services to us. It developed a very loyal following while add-on components allowed it to be upgraded easily. A full-scale working replica of the ABC was completed in 1997, proving that the ABC machine functioned as Atanasoff had claimed. With an order for 50 assembled systems from Mountain View, California computer store The Byte Shop in hand, the pair started a new company, naming it Apple Computer, Inc. Lisa itself, and especially its GUI, were inspired by earlier work at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. While it did not sell well, the operating system, Be OS, retained a loyal following even after Be stopped producing hardware in 1997 after less than 2,000 machines were produced. A series of pulleys transported continuous rolls of punched paper tape containing possible solutions to a particular code. Minuteman missiles use transistorized computers to continuously calculate their position in flight. Franklin was able to undercut Apple's pricing even while offering some features not available on the original. Truong, founder and president of the French company R2E, created the Micral as a replacement for minicomputers in situations that did not require high performance, such as process control and highway toll collection. Many credit the PS/2 for making the 3.5-inch floppy disk drive and video graphics array (VGA) standard for IBM computers. Each Cray-1 took a full year to assemble and test and cost about $10 million. Sun Microsystems grows out of this prototype. Thousands of software titles were released over the lifespan of the C64 and by the time it was discontinued in 1993, it had sold more than 22 million units. a. Mac OS b. DOS (Disk Operating System) c. desktop operating system d. Linux 0 points QUESTION 2 1. What is the general term for software whose source code is made available for free and permits users to use, change, and improve it? Five times faster than its predecessor, the 8008, the Intel 8080 could address four times as many bytes for a total of 64 kilobytes. Spreadsheet Columbia Supercomputer system made up of SGI Altix. All these previous chips set the stage for the first PC processors. Both faced strong competition from the Apple II, Commodore PET, and TRS-80 computers. What productivity activity does infographic software best support? Which is an acknowledged benefit of software with drill and practice functions? Designed by engineer Gardner Hendrie for Computer Control Corporation (CCC), the DDP-116 is announced at the 1965 Spring Joint Computer Conference. An early transistorized computer, the NEAC (Nippon Electric Automatic Computer) includes a CPU, console, paper tape reader and punch, printer and magnetic tape units. Let us call it Simon, because of its predecessor, Simple Simon Simon is so simple and so small in fact that it could be built to fill up less space than a grocery-store box; about four cubic feet.. The Zilog Z-80 could run any program written for the 8080 and included twice as many built-in machine instructions. ducing microcomputers to small and medium-sized transit operating agen-cies. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. You are designing a controller for a toaster oven. Term. The Relay Interpolator used 440 relays, and since it was programmable by paper tape, was used for other applications following the war. The Apple Mac computer running the Mac OS System 1 was the first commercially available computer with a graphical user interface. The TI99/4 had a wide variety of expansion boards, with an especially popular speech synthesis system that could also be used with TI's Speak & Spell educational game. Designed by British engineer Tommy Flowers, the Colossus is designed to break the complex Lorenz ciphers used by the Nazis during World War II. Instead of simply copying the basic input output system (BIOS) of the Apple II as Franklin Computer had done, they reversed engineered the system and sold it for US $479, a much lower price than the comparable Apple II. Some of its other innovations were the inclusion of a magneto-optical (MO) disk drive, a digital signal processor and the NeXTSTEP programming environment (later released as OPENSTEP). The PET was popular with schools and for use as a home computer. In 1939, Bell Telephone Laboratories completes this calculator, designed by scientist George Stibitz. About 50,000 were sold in Britain, primarily to hobbyists, and initially there was a long waiting list for the system. Onyx Systems began selling early microcomputer-based Unix workstations in 1980. Over 30 were completed, including one delivered to Australia. Remington Rand eventually sold 46 Univac 1s at more than $1 million each. Working under Tom Kilburn at Englands Manchester University, Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrate a prototype transistorized computer, the "Manchester TC", on November 16, 1953. Hungarian-born von Neumann demonstrated prodigious expertise in hydrodynamics, ballistics, meteorology, game theory, statistics, and the use of mechanical devices for computation. Palm could be connected to a PC or Mac using a serial port to synchronize sync both computer and Palm. Hewlett and Packard in their garage workshop. In 1987, the year after Microsoft went public, 31-year-old Gates became the world's youngest billionaire. Answers: Convert data into an electronic machine-readable form for direct entry into a computer system. Developed for Busicom, a Japanese calculator maker, the 4004 had 2250 transistors and could perform up to 90,000 operations per second in four-bit chunks. These tables were later confirmed by using more modern computers for the actual flights. Term. assist teachers in preparing student IEPs. Accept data (input) 2. The system cost more than $100 million to create and ran a variation of the Linux operating system with up to 10 petabytes of storage. Quizlet is the only app you need to study and learn. Within weeks of its appearance, customers inundated its maker, MITS, with orders. Stibitz stunned the group by performing calculations remotely on the CNC (located in New York City) using a Teletype terminal connected to New York over special telephone lines. What can both teachers and students create to make a visual record their skill development over time? After the success of the first LEO, Lyons went into business manufacturing computers to meet the growing need for data processing systems in business. The machine had a fifty-foot long camshaft running the length of machine that synchronized the machines thousands of component parts and used 3,500 relays. It was thus an important milestone in computing as soon Microsoft Windows and the Apple Macintosh would soon adopt the GUI as their user interface, making it the new paradigm for personal computing. At a cost to computer makers of roughly $700, the ASR-33 Teletype is originally designed as a low cost terminal for the Western Union communications network. "We are trying to build a machine to do all kinds of different things simply by programming rather than by the addition of extra apparatus," Turing said at a symposium on large-scale digital calculating machinery in 1947 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. See Answer. Because of its electronic, as opposed to electromechanical, technology, it is over 1,000 times faster than any previous computer. Which of the following is not a benefit offered by simulations? A computer could write it with a laser instead. While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. Called a complex instruction set computer, VAX systems were backward compatible and so preserved the investment owners of previous DEC computers had in software. Running on dual IBM 7090 mainframe computer systems, SABRE was inspired by IBMs earlier work on the SAGE air-defense system. Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? The ad featured the destruction of Big Brother a veiled reference to IBM -- through the power of personal computing found in a Macintosh. Lenovo became the largest manufacturer of PCs in the world with the acquisition, later also acquiring IBM's server line of computers. The kit was the cover story of hobbyist magazine Radio-Electronics in July 1974 six months before the MITS Altair 8800 was in rival Popular Electronics magazine. What is the Internet standard for how web pages are formatted and displayed? The first generation of Palm-produced devices, the Palm 1000 and 5000, are based around a Motorola microprocessor running at 16MHz, and uses a special gestural input language called Graffiti, which is quick to learn and fast. Windows NT was a version of Windows that included a graphical interface on top of a DOS kernel. It was named after John von Neumann, a world famous mathematician and computer pioneer of the day. With a peak speed of over a petaflop (one thousand trillion calculations per second), the Tianhe 1 (translation: Milky Way 1) is developed by the Chinese National University of Defense Technology using Intel Xeon processors combined with AMD graphic processing units (GPUs). Wilkes' ideas grew out of the Moore School lectures he had attended three years earlier. Based on the Intel 8008 microprocessor, the Micral is one of the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computers. The Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) needed a supercomputer to help with the maintenance of the US nuclear arsenal following the ban on underground nuclear testing. The device's success led to the creation of MIT Lincoln Laboratory in 1951. What feature of modern productivity tools makes it possible for files created in one software product to be opened in another software product? It was originally created for a nuclear missile design project in 1949 by a team led by Fred Steele. The machines system of connections and switches let processors broadcast information and requests for help to other processors in a simulation of brain-like associative recall. Ross contended that a Flexowriter -- an electrically-controlled typewriter -- connected to an MIT computer could function as a keyboard input device due to its low cost and flexibility. The first IBM system to include Intels 80386 chip, the company ships more than 1 million units by the end of the first year. Intel and Zilog introduced new microprocessors. Download now! Inside was a Z80 microprocessor and a built-in BASIC language interpreter. Created by Presper Eckert and John Mauchly -- designers of the earlier ENIAC computer -- the Univac 1 used 5,200 vacuum tubes and weighed 29,000 pounds. A year later, it steered Apollo 11 to the lunar surface. Of the dozens of different SWTP kits available, the 6800 proved the most popular. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the ASR-33 was a popular and inexpensive choice of input and output device for minicomputers and many of the first generation of microcomputers. high interaction between students and the teacher. During World War II, the US Navy approaches the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) about building a flight simulator to train bomber crews. Named in honor of the space shuttle which broke-up on re-entry, the Columbia supercomputer is an important part of NASA's return to manned spaceflight after the 2003 disaster. Based on ideas from Alan Turing, Britains Pilot ACE computer is constructed at the National Physical Laboratory. This is likely the first example of remote access computing. Nine of the computers, which featured dozens of advanced design innovations, were sold, mainly to national laboratories and major scientific users. Simon featured on the November 1950 Scientific American cover, The hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics publishes Edmund Berkeley's design for the Simon 1 relay computer from 1950 to 1951. microcomputer: A microcomputer is a complete computer on a smaller scale and is generally a synonym for the more common term, personal computer or PC , a computer designed for an individual. The machine used up to 65,536 one-bit processors and could complete several billion operations per second. Shortly after delivery of the Atari VCS game console, Atari designs two microcomputers with game capabilities: the Model 400 and Model 800. 2. Apple's Macintosh Portable meets with little success in the marketplace and leads to a complete redesign of Apple's line of portable computers. System/360 is a major event in the history of computing. The Nest Learning Thermostat is an early product made for the emerging Internet of Things, which envisages a world in which common everyday devices have network connectivity and can exchange information or be controlled. Microcomputers for Twenty-First Century Educators (Paperback, 4th ed) / Author: Lockard / Author: Abrams / Author: "Many ; 9780673524560 ; Educational resources & technology, Education, Social sciences, Books and taking up a volume of less than 1 cubic foot. The Macintosh was the first successful mouse-driven computer with a graphical user interface and was based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. Be, founded by former Apple executive Jean Louis Gasse and a number of former Apple, NeXT and SUN employees, releases their only product the BeBox. Its task was to detect incoming Soviet bombers and direct interceptor aircraft to destroy them. Wang was a successful calculator manufacturer, then a successful word processor company. Once limited to surfing the Web, browsers are becoming the universal software platform on which end users launch into information searches, E-mail, multimedia file transfer, discussion groups, and many other Internet, intranet, and extranet applications. The success of the Portable inspired many other early IBM-compatible computers. Federico Faggin led the design and Ted Hoff led the architecture. Apple introduces the Macintosh with a television commercial during the 1984 Super Bowl, which plays on the theme of totalitarianism in George Orwells book 1984. Assessment instruments may have lower reliability and validity when used with non-native English speakers. The fastest machine of its day, The Cray-1's speed comes partly from its shape, a "C," which reduces the length of wires and thus the time signals need to travel across them. They did. SWAC was used to solve problems in numerical analysis, including developing climate models and discovering five previously unknown Mersenne prime numbers. It also included more memory and accommodated high-density 1.2-megabyte 5 1/4-inch floppy disks. refers to symbols that represent fast objects and ideas. The Altair had no keyboard and could not be connected to a television screen. The first commercially advertised US computer based on a microprocessor (the Intel 8008,) the Scelbi has 4 KB of internal memory and a cassette tape interface, as well as Teletype and oscilloscope interfaces. The University of Michigan Micro Mote (M3) is the smallest computer in the world at the time of its completion. The new chip made graphical operating environments for IBM PC and PC-compatible computers practical. Palm Inc., founded by Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins, originally created software for the Casio Zoomer personal data assistant. Acorn's ARM RISC microprocessor is first used in the company's Archimedes computer system. More than 50 PDP-1s were sold. Built by a team led by engineers Frederick Williams and Tom Kilburn, the Mark I serves as the prototype for Ferrantis first computer the Ferranti Mark 1. Later, Sun Microsystems, founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University, also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982. Apple gave away thousands of Apple IIs to school, giving a new generation their first access to personal computers. The TRS-80 was priced at $599.95, included a Z80 microprocessor, video display, 4 KB of memory, a built-in BASIC programming language interpreter, cassette storage, and easy-to-understand manuals that assumed no prior knowledge on the part of the user. The Z3, an early computer built by German engineer Konrad Zuse working in complete isolation from developments elsewhere, uses 2,300 relays, performs floating point binary arithmetic, and has a 22-bit word length. FoxBase was originally released for the Apple II in 1984, followed by versions for the Commodore 64, IBM PC, and Atari ST. A version for the Macintosh was also released in 1985. The RISC microprocessor had a 32-bit integer arithmetic and logic unit (the part of the CPU that performs operations such as addition and subtraction), a 64-bit floating-point unit, and a clock rate of 33 MHz. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1. The micro should be an extremely low power device even if this raises the cost of the project. After the success of the PET, Commodore remained a major player in the personal computer market into the 1990s. Introduced at the Altair Convention in Albuquerque in March 1976, the visual display module enabled the use of personal computers for interactive games. Today those systems use the PowerPC chip, also by Motorola and a successor to the 68000 series. Dubbed a Personal Data Assistant by Apple President John Scully in 1992, the Newton featured many of the features that would define handheld computers in the following decades. Tracks on the drum did the mathematical integration. It performed 2 million instructions per second, but other RISC-based computers worked significantly faster. The machines existence was not made public until the 1970s. Three types of the M3 were available two types that measured either temperature or pressure and one that could take images. Spinning at 12,500 rpm, the 650s magnetic data-storage drum allowed much faster access to stored information than other drum-based machines. [3] IBM SSEC, became operational in January 1948 but was electromechanical [22] Mathematician George Stibitz recommends using a relay-based calculator for the project. Which of the following is one strategy often used in online courses to ensure academic integrity? The touchscreen enabled smartphone also had built-in GPS navigation, high-definition camera, texting, calendar, voice dictation, and weather reports. A cassette tape interface provided supplementary storage for text. Constructed at MITs Lincoln Laboratory, the TX-0 moved to the MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics, where it hosted some early imaginative tests of programming, including writing a Western movie shown on television, 3-D tic-tac-toe, and a maze in which a mouse found martinis and became increasingly inebriated. English language learners often score higher on assessments due to their increased focus in language acquisition. It had no operating system, but it did recognize commands entered via a row of switches. At MIT, researchers begin experimenting with direct keyboard input to computers, a precursor to todays normal mode of operation. The Mark-8 Do-It-Yourself kit is designed by graduate student John Titus and uses the Intel 8008 microprocessor. It was sold exclusively in Japan, but could process alphabetic and Japanese kana characters. Output was displayed on the users home TV screen through use of an adapter. With a screen resolution of up to 400 pixels-per-inch (PPI), Retina displays approached the limit of pixel visibility to the human eye. He founded Sublogic after graduating from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1977, and released the first version of Flight Simulator for the Apple II in 1979. The first of several personal computers released in 1977, the PET comes fully assembled with either 4 or 8 KB of memory, a built-in cassette tape drive, and a membrane keyboard. News of the groundbreaking electronic ENIAC computer that same year inspired the group to change course and attempt a digital solution, whereby flight variables could be rapidly programmed in software. It was a commercial computer based on a microprocessor, the Intel 8008. Modeled after the Cambridge University EDSAC computer, the president of Lyons Tea Co. has the LEO built to solve the problem of production scheduling and delivery of cakes to the hundreds of Lyons tea shops around England. IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. The system was IBM's response to losing control of the PC market with the rise of widespread copying of the original IBM PC design by clone makers. The micro has to have a real . It was the world's first commercial 16-bit minicomputer and 172 systems were sold. A later version of that machine became the PDP-8, the first commercially successful minicomputer. Its price was $2,500. Bill Gates and Paul Allen licensed their BASIC programming language interpreter to MITS as the main language for the Altair. Which software was the first available for microcomputers? It had 32 KB of memory and sold for $8,000. Under the auspices of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant, biomedical research faculty from around the United States came to a workshop at MIT to build their own LINCs, and then bring them back to their home institutions where they would be used.
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