What are the challenges of putting a borehole into a fault? This idea coupled with the displacement on the fault proposed that the earth's surface was in relatively rapid constant movement and helped to overthrow the old geosynclinal hypothesis in favour of plate tectonics. The Alpine Fault, which runs for about 600km up the spine of the South Island, is one of the world’s major geological features. Avec notre A110 d'un week-end, pour la première fois, j'ai eu l'impression de prendre le temps avec une voiture. We show that stresses transferred to the mid-crust during an Alpine Fault type earthquake may exert a first-order effect on localization in underlying ductile crust. The Southern Alps had not yet formed and most of New Zealand was covered in water. The 1863 Hawke's Bay earthquake was a devastating magnitude 7.5 Mw earthquake that struck near the town of Waipukurau on 23 February 1863. It was centred at a depth of 7 km (4.3 mi), about 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Christchurch, which had previously been devastated by a magnitude 6.2 MW earthquake in February 2011. 1.1 Tectonic setting of the Alpine Fault . Type: Full-length Release date: November 11th, 2011 Catalog ID: N/A Label: Independent Format: CD Reviews: None yet Songs; Lineup; Reviews; Additional notes; 1. [23] Wellman also proposed in 1964 that the Alpine Fault was a Cenozoic structure, which was in conflict with the older Mesozoic age accepted at the time. The alpine fault runs along the west side of the South Island of New Zealand and is "one of the longest, straightest, and fastest-moving plate boundary transform faults on Earth."(eg. [30] [31] One of the lead researchers said that it is likely to be globally unique. [1] The Southern Alps have been uplifted on the fault over the last 12 million years in a series of earthquakes. The Southern Alps / Kā Tiritiri o te Moana is a mountain range extending along much of the length of New Zealand's South Island, reaching its greatest elevations near the range's western side. In New Zealand they are formed along the Alpine fault by earthquakes. But this should not lead one to overlook the fact that the Alpine Fault, so recognised, may occur in a wide zone of intense faulting, slicing, and brecciation-the Alpine Fault Zone. [1] [3], The Pacific Plate and Indo-Australian Plate boundary forms the Macquarie Fault Zone in the Puysegur Trench off the southwestern corner of the South Island and comes onshore as the Alpine Fault just north of Milford Sound. It’s the "on-land" boundary of the Pacific and Australian Plates. Alpine Fault discography (all) Severance (2005) Fire at Will Records Sampler (2012) > Iraena's Ashes Alpine Fault. He reasoned that further up stream there must be a boundary between the two rock types – but what was it? This short documentary is included in the Iraena's Ashes Digipack. The Wairarapa Fault is an active seismic fault in the southern part of the North Island of New Zealand. Tours are 2.5 hours, and require walking. This PDF provides a summary from the West Coast Reginal Council on Alpine Fault research past and present, including details of Mark Yetton’s methods. Scientists say that a similar earthquake could happen at any time as the interval since 1717 is longer than between the earlier events. How will the next Alpine Fault earthquake compare to the M7.1 Darfield earthquake of 4 September 2010? This displacement was inferred by Wellman due in part to the similarity of rocks in Southland and Nelson on either side of the Alpine Fault. The epicentre is estimated to have been within a zone extending 50 km northeast from Whanganui towards Taihape. St. Andreas Transform Fault Alpine Fault New Zealand The types of transform fault that are always the longest Oceanic Transform Fault Continental Transform Fault EXPLORING THE PLANETS 3 The crust type and general of thickness of the crust. The United States Geological Survey reported a magnitude of 6.0 Mw and a depth of 9 km (5.6 mi). JFAST gathered important data about the rupture mechanism and physical properties of the fault that caused the huge earthquake and tsunami which devastated much of northeast Japan. During the second phase of the Alpine Fault, Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP) in the Whataroa River, South Westland, New Zealand, bedrock was encountered in the DFDP-2B borehole from 238.5–893.2 m Measured Depth (MD). The mountains are rising at 7 millimetres a … Well that moves us on to our 3rd boundary type! If you want to do something different and have a passing interest in geology, then this is a ‘must do’ tour. This survey will open in a new tab and you can fill it out after your visit to the site. There have been no major historical earthquakes on the Alpine Fault. [2]. [17] [18] [19] District councils along the West Coast and in Canterbury have commissioned studies and begun preparations for an anticipated large earthquake on the Alpine Fault. Movement along the Alpine Fault is deforming the microcontinent of, Pacific Plate and Indo-Australian Plate boundary, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, "Alpine Fault / Major Faults in New Zealand / Earthquakes / Science Topics / Learning / Home – GNS Science", "New study says Alpine Fault quake interval shorter than thought: GNS Science", "Timing of late Holocene surface rupture of the Wairau Fault, Marlborough, New Zealand", "An extremely low-density human population exterminated New Zealand moa", "1. The Māori arrived in New Zealand c.1300 but never reached a high population density in the colder South Island. She is one of the leaders of the Deep Fault Drilling Project of New Zealand's Alpine Fault, and was a research scientist on the Japan Trench Fast Drilling Project. Unless otherwise agreed in writing by GNS Science, GNS Science accepts … Alpine Fault. The horizontal movement along the fault is not smooth, as both sides are locked together. The Hope Fault is thought to represent the primary continuation of the Alpine Fault. The moment magnitude of the earthquake has been estimated as 8.2, the most powerful recorded in New Zealand since systematic European colonisation began in 1840. Harold William Wellman was an English-born New Zealand geologist known for his work on plate tectonics. Berryman et al., 2012). The Alpine Fault intersects the west coast of the South Island of New Zealand about four miles north of Dale Point at the entrance to Milford Sound; moraine 011 the west of the fault has beeili faulted against Fiordlancl Gneiss' on the east, A well defined fault trace was followed from the air from the south side of [16] A 2018 study says that a significant rupture in the Alpine Fault could lead to roads (particularly in or to the West Coast) being blocked for months, as with the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake, with problems in supplying towns and evacuating tourists. [2] The last major earthquake on the Alpine Fault was in c. 1717 AD, the probability of another one occurring within the next 50 years is estimated at about 30 percent. This method can even indicate rocks rich in high-pressure water, the source of hot springs like those at Hanmer Springs. In Wellington, close to the epicenter, shaking lasted for at least 50 seconds. In this recording, Alpine fault drilling, part of Te Papa’s Science Express programme, hear about the deepest fault drilling ever done in New Zealand. Faille nord-anatolienne. At this point it splits into a set of smaller faults known as the Marlborough Fault System. This study analyzes 195 earthquakes recorded during the 6 month duration of the Southern Alps Passive Seismic Experiment (SAPSE) in 1995/1996 and two M₁. The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake occurred on 23 January at about 9 p.m., affecting much of the Cook Strait area of New Zealand, including Marlborough in the South Island and Wellington and Wairarapa in the North Island. Exemples de décrochements senestres Alpine Fault movement The Alpine Fault is called a strike slip or transform fault. Other New Zealand universities, GNS Science and overseas scientists are also interested in the Alpine Fault. 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