[26], According to data obtained from the US energy information. "[10], Recent shale gas discoveries have caused a sharp increase in estimated recoverable natural gas in Canada. [84], 2011 estimates by the US Department of Energy in 2011 pegged out Polish shale reserves as the largest in Europe. Deposits of shale oil / gas are found around the world. [22], A study by MIT says that natural gas will provide 40% of America's energy needs in the future, from 20% today, thanks in part to the abundant supply of shale gas. However, in spite of a hydrocarbons law favourable to exploring and developing companies and passed by the Argentine Senate in 2014, the Financial Times noted that "Some analysts doubt whether many companies will follow Chevron until Argentine's erratic president Cristina Fernandez, leaves power in 2015. [54] Opinions polls during the same year showed however that more than 70% of Poles were in favour of exploiting their shale resources. [2][3] North America leads the worldwide production of shale gas, with the US and Canada having significant levels. However, the basin contains significant areas of igneous sill intrusions that may impact the quality of the shale gas resources, limit the use of seismic imaging, and increase the risks of shale gas exploration. kpmg.com/shale. Methane in the mine workings poses safety problems. Of the total gas imported in 2010, (17% of the country's annual consumption) 98% of imports came from Russia. [28], Hydraulic fracturing or 'fracking' is prohibited by moratorium despite the 30-million-euro contract signed with Chevron for the exploration of shale gas deposits in Novi Pazar. Focus on US, China, Argentina, Australia, Indonesia and UK. This is a list of countries by natural gas proven reserves based on The World Factbook … [106], Despite these issues, Chevron was proceeding with its plans to explore The managing director of Aura Energy, Dr Bob Beeson, a professional geologist with over 35 years of experience in mineral exploration and development, explained the company's position in Sweden. The US EIA estimated China’s recoverable shale gas reserves as 1115 TCF, the largest of any country in the world. 2, 2016, http://aperc.ieej.or.jp/file/2015/8/7/APERC_Pathways_to_shale_gas_development.pdf, "Shale gas: ONCG to drill more wells in Cambay", "Shale Gas: Could it be a new energy source? [57], The flood of shale gas in North America is credited with lowering the price of natural gas in Europe. However, in spite of a hydrocarbons law favo… [85] The authors of the report calculated that Poland had reserves of about 22.45 trillion cubic meters of shale gas, of which 5.30 trillion cubic meters was recoverable. North America’s shale gas boom is unlikely to be replicated in other countries, according to a report published on Thursday by the UN Conference on Trade and Development (Unctad). She cautioned, however, that shale gas would not reduce the need for greater energy efficiency and renewable energy. to Reuters. [104], Aura Energy's recent announcement that they are about to start drilling at their Motala shale gas project in Sweden, is further evidence of the growing interest in unconventional gas resources. The two projects could have result in 11 Bcm to 16 Bcm (388 Bcf to 563 Bcf) [20] A record 4,185 shale gas wells were completed in the US in 2007. for shale in the Olesska field in the west of the country, according Based on existing reports, China may have 30 trillion cubic metres of shale gas reserves. [76][77], ExxonMobil holds 750,000 acres (3,000 km2) of leasehold in the Lower Saxony Basin of Germany, where it plans to drill 10 shale-gas wells in 2009. [37] However, this policy now has been changed under the Hydrocarbon exploration and licensing policy, which provides a uniform license for exploration of conventional and unconventional oil and gas resources and includes private participation. Global oil reserves shot to 345 billion barrels in the new report. [92], In November 2018 the Polish finance ministry determined that Polish gas would be unprofitable. Shale gas is generated and stored in situ as sorbed gas in organic matter and free gas in fractures. Russian giant Gazprom announced in October 2009 that it may buy a US shale-gas producing company to gain expertise which it could then apply to Russian shale gas prospects. [14], Mexico drilled its first shale gas well in 2011, in the Burgos Basin of northern Mexico, in the equivalent of the Eagle Ford Formation of the US. [91], Nevertheless, Poland has more shale-gas exploration, drilling, and extraction in progress than any other European country. Basins of preliminary interest identified by Indian geologists are the Cambay Basin in Gujarat, the Assam-Arakan basin in northeast India, and the Gondwana Basin in central India. Numbers for the estimated amount of recoverable shale gas resources are provided alongside numbers for proven natural gas reserves. One analyst expects shale gas to supply as much as half the natural gas production in North America by 2020. Large reserves of tight oil and gas were in the Vaca Muerta formation. [97], Aside from job creation, Chevron has said that its investment alone in the country could total $600 million over the next 15 years. [105], Ukraine relies heavily on Russia for its gas imports. Countries with Highest Natural Gas Reserves. The best case scenario for shale gas development in Europe is one in which declining conventional production can be replaced and import dependence maintained at a level of around 60%. "Lousy domestic policy remains the single greatest impediment to gas investments in Ukraine," said Edward Chow, a senior fellow at the Center of Strategic and International Studies. A.M. Dayal, in Shale Gas, 2017. The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) has estimated shale gas at 586 Tcf against its 2011 estimates of 52 Tcf for Pakistan. [97], Energy company Chevron holds a number of concessions in Romania and has announced plans to begin exploration work there in late 2013. [44], There are some challenges in shale gas development in Indonesia even though that it has abundant resources of shale gas. In the Netherlands some test wells were planned to be drilled in Boxtel,[82] however it was stopped due to political questions. 2 (Barnett/Newark East) and No. Shale gas contains 90% methane and 10% remaining gases like ethane, butane, and propane. The vital part of this new regulation is that the government now treats oil and gas as oil and natural gas. [24], Shale gas, especially from the Marcellus Shale, have tested up to 16% ethane content. Shale oil is a substitute for conventional crude oil. The EIA notes that the country produces 30% of its natural gas requirements and makes up the bulk from Russian and Turkmenistan imports. [25] This low priced feedstock for ethylene synthesis has led to a "frenzy" of new ethylene plants in the US. Its reach promises to expand considerably as development practices continue to improve and growing numbers of countries, such as Argentina, China, Poland, and the UK, seek to exploit the shale reserves within their borders. [83] However, looking at success in US lots of other countries have started to explore their shale reserves. As of 2012, shale gas, like coal bed methane (CBM), is not yet being developed in Indonesia. Natural gas makes up close to 30% of national energy consumption. [55] This was done despite intense lobbying by the Russian gas exporter Gazprom for an EU-wide ban on hydraulic fracturing. The top 5 countries (others are Iran, Qatar, the United States of America, and Saudi Arabia) account for 62.83% of it. National energy corporation Petrom is also conducting preliminary analyses of its concessions and Romgaz, MOL, Sterling and East-West, and Zeta Petroleum have also all expressed an interest in further opportunities in Romania. [4] Beyond the US and Canada, shale gas is so far produced at a commercial scale only in Argentina and China. [7], Falcon Oil & Gas Ltd. was an early entrant into the shale gas play of South Africa, obtaining an 11,600-mi2 (30,000-km2) Technical Cooperation Permit (TCP) along the southern edge of the Karoo Basin. Unlike in most of Western Europe, Polish coal mines are still active. 41, No. [70] On 14 Sept. 2012, French president François Hollande canceled seven permits for shale gas drilling. More than half of the identified shale oil resources outside the United States are concentrated in four countries—Russia, China, Argentina, and Libya—while more than half of the non-U.S. shale gas resources are concentrated in five countries—China, Argentina, Algeria, Canada, and Mexico. Iran is finding itself in a bit of a sticky, or rather oily, spot. What an irony. On 8 March 2011, the Quebec provincial government effectively declared a temporary moratorium on the use of chemical fracturing during shale gas drilling pending a stricter full environment assessment audit. Can Europe join the Shale Gas Revolution? Dr Beeson said he was very excited about the project's potential, particularly as the Motala shale may share some similarities with a highly successful play in North America. All wells were drill stem tested. World Shale Gas Resources: An Initial Assessment of 14 Regions Outside the United States. administration states that its location makes it an important transit country for Russian gas supplies, and disputes have resulted in supply disruptions.[106]. [71] He declared "In our current state of knowledge, no one can tell that shale gas and oil extraction by hydraulic fracturing, the only technique known today, is free from serious risks to health and environment. Exploratory drilling continues. [38], In August 2010, a delegation including the director-general of hydrocarbons and officials of the oil ministry is scheduled to meet in Washington with the US Geological Survey to discuss help in identifying and exploiting shale-gas resources in India. about issues related to shale gas activities. [68], In 2011, following strong lobbying from Europe Écologie Euro MP José Bové against shale gas exploration in the Larzac area of southern France, the French government suspended three gas exploration permits "until at least this summer"[when?]. [16] The US Energy Information Administration estimates Mexico's recoverable reserves of shale gas to be 681 trillion cubic feet, the fourth largest shale gas reserves in the world. [45], As of 2009, Pakistan stands 19th in the world in terms of total technically recoverable shale gas reserves. Iran - 155 billion barrels. Pakistan has about 51 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of shale gas reserves. Shales have a large amount of nonconventional oil and gas. The country's gas reserves have geologic similarities to its neighbor Poland, and the Lublin basin could be 10 to 15 times the size of the Barnett shale. The recent US Energy Information Administration study has reported that there could be enough domestic shale gas to meet the country's needs for 100 years. to the Cabinet of Ministers for a signature, the article states. Shell has signed on to explore an area that government estimates indicate could have 113 Bcm (4 Tcf) in reserves. The nation has a … [88][89][90] In 2014 Reuters reported that Chevron and ConocoPhillips are the only two major international companies left. [100][101], The company Gripen Gas completed test drillings outside Motala in the south-east of Sweden and reported that if all the gas were extracted, it would allow Sweden to keep up its current gas usage rate for 1,000 years. "Gas flows of up to 50 cubic metres per hour have been reported from drill holes used to extract water, so it is definitely worth investigation," he said. [107] Royal "Because of existing gas production in the region, rigs are available and we have already started to drill two out of the five holes. A number of these well sites are serviced by Alberta fracturing companies, many of which started out as a one-person operation with the purchase of a cement truck. Lastly, in Papua Island, the reserves are found in Akimeugah and Bintuni. in 2013 to explore in Yuzivska in the Eastern part of the country, however it halted its activities due to the Eastern Ukrainian Crisis. On 1 November 2019, following a report from the Oil and Gas Authority, the government called a halt to all fracking in the UK "with immediate effect"[111] and warned shale gas companies that it would not support future projects. Gripen Gas announced in April 2012 the drilling results from their Ekeby Permit, onshore Sweden. [98][99], Other companies, e.g. But as of February 2013, there have been only six productive shale gas and tight oil wells drilled in Mexico (a seventh was abandoned as non-productive), all producing from Eagle Ford equivalent. As of 2019, reserves of natural gas in Russian Federation was 1,688.23 trillion cubic feet that accounts for 23.53% of the world's reserves of natural gas. By early 2013, the thrill of shale gas started to transform, with less fanfare in the edition of the Strategy that year, recognizing that in spite of the considerable shale gas potential, the path of development chosen would be constrained by Mexico's legal and economic framework, with more favorable opportunities depending on the implementation of more ambitious measures, namely an energy reform that could complement the state-owned oil and gas monopoly of more than 75 years[18]. [11] The nation has a number of prospective shale gas targets in various stages of exploration and exploitation in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. [3] The Karoo is estimated to have technically recoverable resource of 485 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of gas. France has introduced a ban, because of the risks connected to the chemicals used in the hydraulic fracturing process, while Germany has suspended operations awaiting further environmental assessments. While Europe has no shale gas production as yet, the success of shale gas in North America has prompted geologists in a number of European countries to examine the productive possibilities of their own organic-rich shales. In 1996, shale gas wells in the United States produced 0.3×10^12 cu ft (8.5 km3), 1.6% of US gas production; by 2006, production had more than tripled to 1.1×10^12 cu ft (31 km3) per year, 5.9% of US gas production. [67] The Danish government has stated, that Denmark should be free of fossil fuels by 2050, and the Danish Energy Agency (Energistyrelsen) has determined that shale gas could be a sustainable link to a green transition in Denmark. (Posted: 11 Apr 2012), "Canada's natural gas resource jumps dramatically in estimates", "Mexico still far from tapping shale potential, minister says", The challenges for shale gas production in Mexico, http://geology.com/energy/world-shale-gas/, The United States Experience as a Reference of Success for Shale Gas Development: The Case of Mexico, "Zetas gang poses daunting threat to Mexico's shale gas", "Study Predicts Natural Gas Use Will Double", "Unconventional Gas and Implications for the LNG Market by Chris Gascoyne and Alexis Aik", "Natural Gas Processors Respond To Rapid Growth In Shale Gas Production date May 2009", "U.S. gas glut fuels chemical plant building boom", https://thenewturkey.org/what-is-turkeys-shale-gas-potential. China leads the world in shale gas reserves, with more than 1,115 TCF. [33] Oilfield services are This is the highest quantity on … Shale gas is natural gas produced from shale, a type of sedimentary rock. [48][49][50][51], Norwegian company Statoil is in a joint venture with Chesapeake Energy to produce Marcellus Formation shale gas in the eastern US, and has indicated interest in bringing knowledge gained in the US to European shale gas prospects. A Comparison between Shale Gas in China and Unconventional Fuel Development in the United States: Water, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development, Brooklyn Journal of International Law, Vol. "Pathways to Shale Gas Development in Asia-Pacific". The increased competition from LNG, as well as the prospect of shale gas development, has given European governments leverage to negotiate price reductions from the Russian gas exporter Gazprom. [103] Gripen Gas confirmed in October 2012 that Bergsstaten (Swedish Mines Inspectorate) had awarded the Sandön exploration licence covering 162 km2 in the western part of lake Vättern, in Östergötland County. The Karoo Basin is large, extending across nearly two-thirds of the country, with the southern portion of the basin potentially favorable for shale gas. dominated by Chinese companies, while the interaction with international companies experienced in the development of shale gas and supply chain solutions is minimal. [5], Shale gas production has been blocked in many countries largely because of the environmental risks involved. [65], The French oil company Total S.A. has announced that it will start drilling for shale gas in Denmark in 2013. [93][94], In June 2013 Occupy Chevron – an anti-fracking group occupied a field near the Polish village of Żurawlów, close to the city of Zamość. [78], In 2009, ExxonMobil drilled the first wells for shale gas in the Makó Trough in Hungary. First, there is a concern that hydraulic fracturing technology could affect the water system in certain areas. Owing to Mexico's weak rule of law and poor success in previous major industry reforms, the legal changes brought about might as well end up worsening the drawbacks in the energy sector and namely in the development of the country's shale resources. A similar article is available on the Internet with a subscription at, Louise S. Durham, "Prices, technology make shales hot,", Asia Pacific Research Centre, 2015. Shell obtained a larger 71,400-mi2 (185,000-km2) TCP surrounding the Falcon area, while Sunset Energy holds a 1,780 mi2 (4,600-km2) TCP to the west of Falcon. [36] A complication to shale gas in India is that the government-issued leases for conventional petroleum exploration do not include unconventional sources such as shale gas. [30], China launched a national shale gas research centre in August 2010. In Sumatra Island, the proven shale gas resources are in the North Sumatra province, Central Sumatra, Ombilin, and South Sumatra. [citation needed], This rapid expansion of shale gas in Canada is not without controversy. [97], Royal Dutch Shell evaluated the viability of the Alum Shale in southern Sweden as a source of shale gas, but as of 2011 has declared that it is not viable and decided to abandon the operation. By 2005, there were 14,990 shale gas wells in the US. Haynesville: A Nation's Hunt for an Energy Future, Map of Assessed Shale Gas in the United States, 2012, Marcellus Gas Production and Distribution, 2012–14 Romanian protests against shale gas, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shale_gas_by_country&oldid=990339584, Articles with dead external links from May 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with dead external links from May 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2011, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 24 November 2020, at 01:50. Russia holds the largest amount of natural gas reserves in the world. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The [80], In February 2011, onshore petroleum licences were granted to Tamboran Resources and Lough Allen Natural Gas Company (Langco) in the Northwest Carboniferous Basin of Ireland lasting 24 months covering an area of 1630 km2. [19] Mexico's shale oil and gas development close to the US border is hampered by the activities of organized criminal groups that include the theft of pipeline products and the extortion to companies in the extractive industries, along with lack of adequate infrastructure; overall, this has resulted in the low economic competitiveness of Mexico's shales in comparison with those across the border in the United States soil. After the Drake Oil Well in 1859, however, shale gas production was overshadowed by much larger volumes produced from conventional gas reservoirs. Overall, the report added 11% to world shale gas and oil reserves. It remains to be seen if the awaited Mexican energy reform will overcome these drawbacks. Advance and better technology must be applied if the developer wants to utilize the shale gas. Encana and EOG Resources are developing the area known as Horn River due to its high yield shale deposits. As a result, the United States is ranked second globally after Russia in shale oil resources and is ranked fourth globally after China, Argentina and Algeria in shale natural gas resources. [2][8][9] Large reserves of tight oil and gas were in the Vaca Muerta formation. The country was estimated to possess about 1,688 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of proven gas reserves as of January 2013, accounting for about one fourth of the world’s total proven gas reserves.More than half of Russia’s gas reserves are located in Siberia. [58][59], European Union Climate Commissioner Connie Hedegaard noted in 2013 that shale gas could be a "game changer" in helping Europe reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as the US has done, by switching from coal to less carbon-intensive natural gas. 13 (Antrim) sources of natural gas in the United States in terms of gas volumes produced. [1], In a 2013 report, the US Energy Information Administration estimated the quantity of technically recoverable shale gas for 41 countries. Most methane is currently treated as waste, but studies show that coalbed methane can be profitably used as a gas resource. [66] The Danish affiliate, Total E&P Denmark B.V., and the state-owned oil and gas company Nordsøfonden have been granted two onshore licences for exploration in Northern Jutland and North Zealand. Proven shale gas reserves also found in north-west and also north-east of Java Island. [31] In a 2011 report, the US Energy Information Administration estimated that China had 1,275 trillion cubic feet of recoverable shale gas, the largest reserves of all countries surveyed in that report. In June 2013, the US Energy Information Administration estimated that Argentina held 802 trillion cubic feet of recoverable shale gas reserves, the third largest in the world. [79], In February 2011, Enegi Oil was given an option over 495-square kilometers in the Clare Basin, in west of Ireland. Shale is fast transforming itself from ‘tomorrow’s big thing’ to become an essential part of … It's been a consistent theme since the U.S. shale revolution took flight in 2008: not just surging natural gas production but also surging gas reserves. This is before the investment of other oil and gas exploration companies is taken into account. [102] The EIA estimated fresh recoverable shale gas reserves of 105 TCF and more than nine billion barrels of oil in Pakistan. Because of the high population density across China, there are considerable water access limitations which must be taken into consideration in any scenario of rapid large-scale production. [1] Numbers for the estimated amount of recoverable shale gas resources are provided alongside numbers for proven natural gas reserves. This period has been mainly referred to as the “shale gas boom or revolution” and the growth of natural gas production in the United States through shale gas extraction has led [92], Poland is highly dependent on coal for electrical generation. US is making the most of Shale gas as they have lots of inhabited land. [97], Romania depends on imports to cover about 20% of its overall energy needs, according to data from the World Bank. [97], The Romanian government has come out in support of shale gas, citing energy independence and a decrease in the price of gas as motivations to pursue shale gas avenues. It also suffers less from population and water issues that plague its neighbor to the northwest. [112], Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre, 2015. In 2014, three-quarters of the shale gas and oil concessions in the country were held by the Argentinian company YPF (nationalised in 2012) which committed to develop the Vaca Muerta field with US company Chevron Corporation. The Environment minister Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet announced the creation of a commission charged with evaluating the environmental impact of shale gas production, adding "no authorizations for shale gas exploration will be given, or even considered, before the commission reports". "[72], On 5 November 2012, despite a governmental study 'rapport Gallois' advising continuing study of new extraction methods of shale gas due to the groundwater pollution risks associated with hydraulic fracturing, French president François Hollande refused following pressure from the Green Party. Prime Minister Victor Ponta has also endorsed shale gas, saying he supports both exploration and exploitation. Hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking”, has transformed oil and gas production in the US, allowing the industry to tap previously inaccessible reserves in shale rock. "[101], Ukraine has Europe's 3rd largest shale gas reserves at 42 trillion cubic feet (1.2 trillion cubic meters). Romania's National Agency for Mineral Resources has launched a study to determine the level of national shale gas resources, whilst a study conducted by the US Energy Information Administration, based on estimates made without exploratory drilling, has put Romania's unproven wet shale gas technically recoverable resources (TRR) at a possible 1.4 trillion cubic metres (51 trillion cubic feet): the third largest deposit in Europe behind France and Poland. [32], As of April 2012, Shell has already drilled a few wells in Sichuan. 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Existing reports, China may have 30 trillion cubic feet ( Tcf ) of shale,!

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