why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558

In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. Spymaster and Secretary of State from 1573 Francis Walsingham uncovered the plot. The Throckmorton plot was a conspiracy to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots in 1583. The fact that the Pope never approved Henry VIIIs divorce from Catherine of Aragon in 1533 (and England had to break from Rome in order to achieve this) combined with the fact that Catherine was still alive when Elizabeth was born. Died: 24 March 1603. Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. Pick a key scene from the story and tell it from the third-person limited point of view, through Doodle's senses and feelings. The first question to ask yourself when revising for GCSE psychology is which exam board am I studying? Mary was married to Philip II of Spain. A war would have to involve invasion because after 1558 England had no possessions in mainland Europe (Calais had been lost in 1558). The Armadas journey back to Spain was a disaster. One factor Elizabeth had to face, which was seen as a huge disadvantage, was her gender. Register for free, Home / After his successful raid on Cadiz, Drake sailed along the coast of Portugal and Spain, seizing Spanish ships and destroying supplies that were being sent to Lisbon for the Armada. See our A-Level Essay Example on To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and parliament from 1529 to 1640 be seen as arising from divisions over the future of the church?, British History: Monarchy & Politics now at Marked By Teachers. From 1574, with the help of the Pope, Catholic priests were also being smuggled into England to continue the spread of the Catholic faith. This was seen as a huge blow for English pride as England had territory in France for hundreds of years. The plot was uncovered whilst Ridolfi was abroad (he never returned). Time line for foreign policy 1559- 1571. Born: 7 September 1533. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the reasons for the increased Catholic threat to Elizabeth I after 1566. Elizabeth lived quietly at her . Reigned: queen of England and Ireland for 44 years, from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. Many people did not want a foreigner influencing England policy. The Spanish Fury united both the Dutch Catholics and Protestants, who demanded in response to the violence: 1) the expulsion of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands 2) political freedom and 3) an end to religious hostility via the Spanish Inquisition. Elizabeth I: a biography. Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd point + evidence. The plots involved European conspirators and were supported by France, Spain and even the Pope. As with the 1569 plot, she would marry the Duke of Norfolk. A number of Catholic plots to remove Elizabeth in the 1570s and 1580s had his involvement although he was reluctant and half-hearted in their execution. Dudleys campaign in 1586-1587 proved to be unsuccessful and he suffered heavy defeats at the hands of the Spanish general, the. The Spanish responded by doing the same to the English. This partly explained why harsher treatment of Catholics occurred soon after, led by the Council of the North. Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Moreover, a child would create more stability domestically and nullify challenges to the throne (like that from Mary Queen of Scots) as a political vacuum would have been filled. Elizabeth's sister Mary I had lost this port back of Calais to the French in an unsuccessful war that England and Spain had fought against France Elizabeth wanted it back to demonstrate England's strength France and Spain were no longer at war and there was a real possibility they may unite against England. The French Catholic League signed this treaty with Philip II of Spain. Guy states that Northumberland's success in foreign policy was due to ending Somerset's wars . Queen Elizabeth showed no mercy to the rebels and the Earl of Northumberland along with 400 rebel troops were executed while the Earl of Westmorland fled abroad. Mary's Catholicism and previous alliance with France increased the threat of a French invasion in support of her, which threatened the stability of Elizabeth's kingdom. Humiliatingly, Elizabeth had to confirm the loss of Calais, which had been an English possession since 1347. She replaced her Catholic half-sister Mary, who died childless. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd point + evidence, - However Elizabeth was also faced with threats about her legitimacy and gender, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd explanation. Describe two features of Elizabeth's religious settlement 1559 5. - Threats of invasion or Elizabeth's authority were made worse by her financial situation. She was reluctant to execute Mary as she was Queen of Scotland and she believed in Divine Right that rulers were sent by God to govern their country. There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. Most of the fleet was then destroyed by storms. Company Reg no: 04489574. In total, less than 10000 men and half the fleet made it back to Spain. Spain and France were also involved in these plots and so there was always the danger of a foriegn invasion. Boston House, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - conclusion. Probably at the core of Elizabeth's decision to remain single was an unwillingness to compromise her power. 214 High Street, Importantly too, at different points these plots were orchestrated or sponsored by the Pope and Spain and were dependent on the support of English Catholics to work, demonstrating the increasing Catholic threat to Elizabeth, internationally and domestically. In the eyes of the Church of England, Henry and Catherine were divorced and then Henry could marry Anne. Native American hostility occurred from the start, however. 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The Protestant Elizabeth certainly faced difficulties upon becoming Queen with regard to legitimacy, especially from English Catholics and the wider Catholic world. Spains naval and military strength was much greater than Englands at the time, so Elizabeth was reluctant to do anything that could damage their already fragile relationship and lead to open war with Spain.. Queen Elizabeth has confiscated large portions of land from the Earl of Northumberland and given it his main rivals in the north and south who were both Protestant. -Elizabeth forced to impose strict penalties against Catholics (penal laws) which enforced religious settlement and protected England against Catholic influence. to answer the Section Focus Question: his early wars against France and his championing of Catholic orthodoxy against the teachings of Martin Luther. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. King Phillip II had been married to Queen Mary I of England and the two had been allies in a war against France in the 1550s. W ith the first female vice president taking office in the US, and female leaders around the world excelling despite a global crisis, it's hard to imagine why women have been wildly underrepresented in leadership for so long. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. This attack proved to be a major setback for Spanish preparation for the Armada. When Elizabeth I acquired the English throne in 1558, many believed due to the religious decisions of her predecessors, dating back to Henry VIII's reign, Elizabeth had inherited a country that was predominantly Catholic in belief. Freshwater supplies were lost and many tons of food rotted as the fleet eventually sailed to England in 1588. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. Throckmorton was tortured and although he confessed, was then killed. The child cried when he saw the _______ of his favorite toy in the driveway. - navy to firth of Forth. I think I'm about to officially choose the Uni im going to but I'm not 100% sur, HELP, Official Imperial College 2023 Undergraduate Applicants Thread, Official Cambridge Postgraduate Applicants 2023 Thread, Plucking Serene Dreams From Golden Trees. LS23 6AD [Relative comparison made to inform the judgement here shows instantly criteria are being established, helping to signpost the rest of the answer.]. The Duke of Medina Sidonia sailed up the Channel and anchored at Calais while waiting for reinforcements from the Duke of Parmas troops. She pledged to finance an army of 7,400 English troops and placed Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in charge of them. The reasons for, and significance of, the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 156970. LS23 6AD Two influential Catholic families the Percys and the Nevilles plotted alongside the Duke of Norfolk to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with the Catholic, Mary, Queen of Scots (who now resided in England). Describe two features of the threats posed to Elizabeth in 1558 3. [This is a confident answer because it selects two reasons and links them together, showing a clear conceptual focus as well as wide-ranging knowledge]. There are 4 main exam boards which are AQA, Edexcel (Pearson), OCR and How To Revise For GCSE Psychology The ultimate step-by-step guide for students, teachers and private students. The raid on Cadiz proved to be a major setback for King Phillips plans to invade England and delayed the Armada by more than a year. However, the Privy Council had put huge pressure on Elizabeth to marry and urged her to take a husband in late 1559, which suggests that the Privy Council would have agreed on a suitor had there been someone suitable as they realised the importance of securing a Protestant English throne and the Tudor dynasty, and perhaps it was this lack of a suitable suitor that caused Elizabeth to remain . 1534 Duke of Angoulme (third son of Francis I)c1542 A Prince of Portugal1543 Son of the Earl of Arran 1544 Prince Philip (Philip II) 1547 Sir Thomas Seymour 1552 Prince of Denmark 1553 Courtenay, Earl of Devonshire 1554 Philibert Emanuel, Duke of Savoy 1554 Prince of Denmark 1556 Prince Eric of Sweden 1556 Don Carlos (son of Philip II)1559 Philip II 1559 Prince Eric of Sweden 1559 Son of John Frederic, Duke of Saxony 1559 Sir William Pickering 1559 Earl of Arran 1559 Henry Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel 1559 Robert Dudley 1560 King Eric of Sweden 1560 Adolphus, Duke of Holstein 1560 King Charles IX 1560 Henry, Duke of Anjou 1566 Robert Dudley 1568 Archduke Charles 1570 Henry Duke of Anjou 1572- 1584 Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Anjou. Many of the rebel troops deserted while the two Earls fled to Scotland. Her arrival and ultimate house arrest were the result of her having to flee Scotland. She raised an army following her escape from prison but was defeated at Langside (Glasgow). How To Revise For GCSE Psychology Step-by-Step, Chapter 3:Elizabethan society in the Age of Exploration, 155888. Here is a summary timeline of key events for students taking Early Elizabethan England (1558-88). The Northern Earls were unhappy and rebelled for several reasons: The Revolt of the Northern Earls was arguably the most serious rebellion during Elizabeths reign and presented a threat for a number of reasons: During the 1570s and 1580s, there were several plots by Catholics to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. On the death of Mary and the accession of Elizabeth, many hard-line Protestants returned from mainland Europe (where they had fled for their own safety during the reign of Mary) in the full expectation that they were returning to a state where Protestantism was the one and only . The plot failed as it was discovered by Francis Walsingham, Elizabeths principal secretary and spymaster, who placed Throckmorton under surveillance for several months. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. When Mary I died in 1558, England and Spain were allies in a war against France. When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. Anne Boleyn (L), Henry VIII (C) and Elizabeth I (R) Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. 214 High Street, This meant her ability to govern from the outset was immediately hampered. This increased tension between England and Spain. Her first husband, Francis II, had died in December 1560. Mary was spared. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. This plot was supported by the Pope and King Phillip II, who agreed to provide troops for a Spanish invasion. Elizabeth's legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism as the official religion of England when she inherited the throne, but that did not mean that there were not still Catholics residing in the country. She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. Why religious compromise was so difficult. The second concern of legitimacy again comes from the marriage of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Henry believed that Elizabeth wanted France to go to war with Spain while England looked on and would benefit from the probable weakening of both. In October 1586, Mary was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. - send 2000 to rebels. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeth's role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots' arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. As such, I disagree with the statement. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd explanation. The plan was then for the combined forces would then sail across the Channel to England under the protection of the Armadas warships. - rebelling of scottish lords. The reasons for, and consequences of, the English victory. He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. This pleased those eager for her to marry, but made many unhappy because they did not want her to marry a French Catholic. Elizabeths legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. The northern nobles felt Elizabeths advisors were responsible for many of these policy changes. Ironically the simple accession of Elizabeth in 1558 made any desire for a settlement so much more difficult. No, Francis in Reign does not have a child. Parents: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. The fear of a Catholic uprising and a plot against Elizabeth was a constant threat to her. VAT reg no 816865400. No Payment details required and completelyRisk Free. In 1568, a final blow came when some Spanish ships were blown off course into English waters, and the English seized them. Before she came to the throne her mother Mary of Guise ruled Scotland while she remained in France married to the French prince Francis. However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. They began to revolt against the Spanish. In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. and reversing the religious settlement. Boston House, he could also overthrow her. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. Why was France a threat? The Spanish attempted to regroup at Gravelines, however, the weather made it impossible for them to reform their defensive crescent formation which opened up an opportunity for the English to intercept and attack. English Catholic Francis Throckmorton was the link of communication within this plan. LS23 6AD The Student Room and The Uni Guide are both part of The Student Room Group. When Mary eventually gets pregnant, Francis is initially . In 1560, Scotland was ruled by Elizabeth's cousin called Mary Queen of Scots (MQS). Queen Elizabeth had become aware of this plan and in 1587, sent her most successful privateer, Sir Francis Drake, to spy on Spanish preparations and attack their ships and supplies. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. Although he promised to help the conspirators, he rarely followed through on these promises. Working for the British, Native American Manteo was placed in charge of the expedition by Sir Walter Raleigh. Boston Spa, The Ridolfi plot failed mostly due to Elizabeths allies passing the names of the main conspirators involved to her. The lack of money was problematic because it meant England was potentially vulnerable to attack (and Elizabeth had no means by which to defend the country militarily). By instinct, Elizabeth was a The invasion would include the murder of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. Despite the failure of 1585, another attempt to colonise Virginia took place. The English were worried about the threat of invasion and they attacked the Spanish ships as they sailed along the Channel, but the Armada was so strong that most of the ships reached Calais safely. Mary, Queen of Scots had been linked to Catholic plots before, but Elizabeth had always been reluctant to take any action against her. 806 8067 22 Registered Office: Imperial House, 2nd Floor, 40-42 Queens Road, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 3XB, Taking a break or withdrawing from your course. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). Foreign threat: Spain and France were the most powerful countries in Europe and were Catholic. The leading figure involved in the plot was Francis Throckmorton, a young Catholic man who carried messages between Mary and Catholic conspirators abroad. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! By the 1580s, the relationship between England and Spain was at its lowest point and the tension was at boiling point. It had to deal with Irish . The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: In 1568, the Queens Spymaster, Francis Walsingham used his spy network to prove that Mary had supported the Babington Plot. However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. In 1580, she received treasure from Sir Francis Drake from his exploits which was worth more than all the rest of her income for that year put together. The plan was supported by various Catholic nobles, including the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland as this would mean Elizabeth (a Protestant) could be succeeded by a Catholic queen. The Act of Supremacy The queen's reassertion of control over religious matters was achieved via the April 1559 CE Act of Supremacy, once more closing the door on the Pope.

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