Skip links

what does the upside down cross mean

Others believe that the cross symbolizes ones choice to accept God and his teachings. Meaning and Healing Properties, Do I Need Sapphire? The Tree of Life cross is a simplified version of the Tree of Life, a symbol that represents many things, including ancestry, family, and of course, life. The answers to all these questions and more is here in this article. The Church of England retained the ceremonial signing with the cross in the rite of baptism. After the resurrection, Christ called the apostle Peter to feed His lambs. This is the same with the pentagram, which has Christian symbolism but when inverted, is believed to represent evil and to attract dark forces. It can signify that the wearer has spent time in prison, or more specifically that the wearer was raped while incarcerated and tattooed by the rapist as a "property" mark and for humiliation, since facial tattoos cannot be concealed." A spider at the centre of the web shows that a gang member is committed to a criminal life. The upside-down T (or ) refers to perpendicular lines, which are two lines that intersect at a 90-degree angle. It symbolized the papacy, because the Pope is considered Peters successor and the Bishop of Rome. Zodiac - Used in satanic and occult worship. They say that apostle Peter was crucified upside down because he said he wasn't worthy to die in the same way as his Lord. A wooden cross bears the same meaning as a Latin cross but with a closer connection to the actual crucifixion of Jesus Christ. In general, however, the upside down cross is seen as a symbol of rebellion or defiance. . It has been used by punk rock, heavy metal, and hip hop performers as a means of expressing dissatisfaction with the status quo. There are four basic types of iconographic representations of the cross: the crux quadrata , or Greek cross , with four equal arms; the crux immissa , or Latin cross , whose base stem is longer than the other three arms; the crux commissa , in the form of the Greek letter tau, sometimes called St. Anthonys cross ; and the crux decussata , named from the Roman decussis , or symbol of the numeral 10, also known as St. Andrews cross for the supposed manner of the martyrdom of St. Andrew the Apostle. Dani Rhys has worked as a writer and editor for over 15 years. THE HISTORY, MEANING AND SYMBOLISM OF THE IRISH CELTIC CROSS The Celtic Cross often referred to as the Irish High Cross is a renowned symbol of Celtic culture worldwide. In recent years, it has become increasingly popular as a form of body art, with people from all walks of life choosing to display it proudly on their skin. The upside down cross is an ancient symbol of St. Peters crucifixion. What does the Bible say about women working outside the home? And after this he said to him, Follow me (Jn 21:18-19). While many people think that the upside down cross is a symbol of satanism and/or anti-Christian sentiments, this most definitely is not the case or was not the case, we should say. If you recently sent a playful compliment or flirtatious remark, the other person might have sent the emoji to keep things cool. Also, the inverted cross is shown in some fashion trends like gothic clothing. Jesus' Prophecy of Peter We see an allusion to this in the Gospel of John, when our Lord . The Reformed churches , however, resisted such use of the cross until the 20th century, when ornamental crosses on church buildings and on communion tables began to appear. If you feel an answer is not 100% Bible based, then leave a comment, and we'll be sure to review it. The tattoo depicts the monkey is listening to Celtic Cross through headphones. Likewise, the Petrine cross became associated with anti-Christian perceptions and the satanic church. 2Pac also had the MOB tattoo, which may very well have stood for the same thing. What does it mean? However, it can have mixed representations, as it has also been said to signify losing a friend or a family member. And many horror movies use it to show their imagery, especially if the films deal with demonic activity. Likewise, a cross tattoo can also mean unconditional love and sacrifice, as Jesus felt and did for the human race. According to Christian tradition, Peter the apostle met death by crucifixion (see Our Christian Symbols by Friedrich Rest , p. 29). A green remote control symbolizes abundance, hope, fertility, growth, and nature. Once upon a time, the average rapper may have had a few selective tats on their bodies, but its now a usual sight to see emcees with fully tatted chests, sleeves, backs and even tattoos on the face. Whatever the meaning, an upside down cross tattoo is sure to turn heads and start conversations. Weve created a community powered by horror fans like you and we need you in it. The inverted cross just might be your most Christian-themed tattoo yet. Lord of the Pit is a passive item. He chose to be crucified upside down because he wanted to show that he was humble and not concerned with earthly things. In hip-hop, Pharrell Williams sports a renaissance-style angel on his neck, whilst the heavily-tatted Lil Wayne and Wiz Khalifa both have wings across their ribcage. The upside down cross tattoo can actually be a deeply meaningful expression of ones beliefs. Upside Down Cross Emoji Copy and Paste. 2. According to the famous French author, poet, occultist and esotericist Eliphas Levi, this was representative of Vintrass satanic inclinations. According to tradition and extra-biblical sources, the Apostle Peter was crucified during Neros reign on an upside down cross. A diagonal cross known as crossbuck is used as the conventional road sign used to indicate the point at which a railway line intersects a road at a level crossing, called a in this context. SUBSCRIBE http://bit.ly/1YfiS9AIn this makeup transformation/video essay mish mash, I'm discussing the real meaning of the inverted cross, or the upside dow. The meaning of the symbols of upside, down, cross and book seen in a dream. What does a upside down cross on a tattoo mean? Skulls Skull tattoos have various meanings, and has become highly favorable in many cultures. We only haunt the willing. Thanks to several movies and TV series, the inverted cross became a popular symbol of satanism in todays pop culture. Practitioners are acknowledging their god as Baal or Lucifer. Your IP: In this sense, the inverted cross symbolizes humility in faith because Peter would not be crucified in the same manner that the Savior, Jesus Christ, was crucified. Then is Peter girt by another, when he is made fast to the cross. It symbolized Jerusalems coat of arms during the 1820s. It is slanted as many believe that Saint Andrew was martyred in this manner. 3 Dots This is a very common tattoo seen on gang members in prison. Christian Tradition Upside Down Cross (Inverted Cross). St. Peter requested to be crucified that way because he felt unworthy to die in the same manner as Christ did. The symbol originates from the Catholic tradition that when sentenced to death, Peter requested that his cross be upside down, as he felt unworthy of being crucified in the same manner as Jesus. The upside cross down cross tattoo is the Petrine Cross that holds key importance in Christianity. explain further please. Here are just some instances where the Petrine cross has been used in negative ways: While the upside down cross is a controversial symbol, in Christian circles, its viewed as positive and wholesome, with no negative connotations. Signing up helps us (not Zuckerberg) stay in direct contact with you and create the best horror website possible. Hi, I am Kristen, who understands symbolism and the meanings of all objects.I have always been interested in the hidden meanings behind things, and how to use them to create a better world. Where some believe it is linked to a satanic character or even a Nazi emblem. Still, an inverted cross is sometimes intended as satanic. Hip-hop artists embody many of these messages, representing a culture that has been responsible for the growth of the genre. Some sort of problem that must be gured out. . Knights wore the Templar Cross, and it had symbolic meaning to them. Before the time of the emperor Constantine in the 4th century, Christians were extremely reticent about portraying the cross because too open a display of it might expose them to ridicule or danger. For some, it is seen as a way to subvert traditional Christian iconography and instead represent a more rebellious or non-conformist attitude.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[580,400],'meaningsymbolism_com-box-4','ezslot_8',104,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-meaningsymbolism_com-box-4-0'); For others, it is simply a way to pay tribute to Jesus Christ and his ultimate sacrifice. The Celtic cross tattoo design is also very popular among first responders. Many of the tats weve considered here display messages of strength, bravado, crime, achievement in the streets and identity. It is often seen as a sign of rebellion against Christianity and traditional religious values. Trilobed terminals on a cross are typical of the Russian Orthodox Church, and the lobes are meant to represent the Trinity the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Every Friday, we send out an email with the scariest horror movies and TV shows streaming that weekend along with creepy news, updates from the horror movie pipeline, and links to the best scary content on the web. Necklaces are worn by many satanist's. It can be seen on Rock singers and their album covers. 2. A person hanging on such a cross would be positioned head-downwards. The Russian Cross is another term for the Orthodox Cross, which contains the added horizontal line above and the slanted line below its center. An upside-down cross is just a reversed Latin cross, such that the crosspiece is closer to the bottom than the top, as the name implies. on a regular upright cross. The crucifix, however, is almost entirely confined to private devotional use. This truth is idiocy to the unconverted hearts. Where is the best place to put a cross tattoo? Artists such as 50 Cent , Tyga , Lil Wayne and Wiz Khalifa exhibit this perfectly. Well, something that I wanted to point out, but has anyone else besides me noticed how the dove, supposedly representing the Holy . ABOVE: An upside-down pentagram and horned goat's head combined, which symbolizes open Satanism. Is this teaching Biblical? An upside-down Latin cross is also known as an inverted cross, Petrine Cross, or Cross of St. Peter. What Does an Upside Down Cross (Inverted Cross) Really Mean? Crosses & Crucifixes Large crosses and crucifixes are extremely popular tattoo choices, meaning different things to different people. Copyright Symbol Sage 2022 All Rights Reserved. Hi, I am Kristen, who understands symbolism and the meanings of all objects. By turning the cross upside down, the wearer is symbolically rejecting the crucifixion and instead affirming their belief in the atonement. Peter requested to be crucified upside down, as he felt unworthy to die in the same manner as Christ. The most famous example is when Jesus was crucified and He was given the option to be crucified right side up or upside down. . The pentagram has long been believed to be a potent protection against evil, a symbol of conflict that shields the wearer and the home. What Does an Upside Down Cross (Inverted Cross) Really Mean? The upside down cross tattoo is a potent symbol with a wide range of meanings. The chief shepherd would follow the Good Shepherd even in the manner of his death. The arms are crossed in a Masonic gesture, and the figure's right foot is bent backwards. This cross also known as the Irish cross or the cross of Iona is a famous Christian symbol that has its roots in paganism. Its just another old religious symbol that looks creepy to people who arent familiar with it. What does a cross above a door mean? It is seen as a representation of humanitys struggle to live according to the word of God and resist temptation. 50 Cent had Southside tattooed across his back, whilst David Banner has Mississippi tattooed across his. An upside-down cross is a symbol that is widely associated with Satanism and the occult. If you are interested to know more about the occult symbols, here is our extensive article. The Petrine cross is one of the several symbols of papacy and it is considered to represent the fact that the Pope is the successor of Saint Peter (as he was the first Pope) according to Catholic tradition. Because the Roman Catholic Church views each pope as a successor of St. Peter, the inverted cross is commonly connected with popes. GetTattoosIdeas.com Get Amazing Tattoo Ideas. And He added, Very truly I tell you, when you were younger you dressed yourself and went where you wanted; but when you are old you will stretch out your hands, and someone else will dress you and lead you where you do not want to go. This while wearing a very odd looking upside-down inverted cross around her neck. That's because it's the exact cross used by St. Peter when he himself was crucified. It can also depict criminal accomplishment. There are two variants of the Coptic Cross, with the modern version with intricate colors and shapes. 291. Unlike the inverted or upside down cross, the sideways cross has no negative connotations regarding the Christian faith. What is the Legend of the Celtic Cross? It is a black cross of St. Peter, with a bright red outline. St. Peter requested the unusual crucifixion because he did not feel he was worthy to suffer the same death as Jesus (a normal crucifixion). In ceremonial usage, making a sign of the cross may be, according to the context , an act of profession of faith, a prayer, a dedication, or a benediction. In Christianity, it is associated with the martyrdom of Peter the Apostle. They are also prominently worn by rock singers and displayed on their album covers. The cross with a circle of light emerged in France and Britain in the middle ages and predates Christianity. I have always been interested in the hidden meanings behind things, and how to use them to create a better world. All rights reserved. Upside Down Cross For some people the upside down cross is a symbol of the occult, satanism, or even demonic interference for others, it's a completely wholesome religious symbol. answered Aug 23, 2019 at 15:11. Since the East Coast-West Coast hip-hop rivalry arose in the mid-nineties, regions have become key. For some people the upside down cross is a symbol of the occult, satanism, or even demonic interference for others, its a completely wholesome religious symbol. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. For others, it may be a symbol of their dark past or an emblem of their punk rock lifestyle. The upside down cross is a symbol with a long and complicated history. If there are lled-out sections of a crossword, these often have separate messages. The Cross of Saint Peter or Petrine Cross is an inverted Latin cross , traditionally used as a Christian symbol , but in recent times also used as an anti-Christian symbol. 1. They're trying to keep things cool and subtle. For centuries, these birds have been revered for their beauty and grace. In contrast, an upside-down triangle represents female energy and is used in the symbols for water and earth, the two feminine elements. Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. If the lines are wavy or at any other angle, they are not perpendicular. Besides that, an inverted cross is also associated with papacy at times. One of the most popular tattoo designs is the upside down cross. The phrase Jesus used, stretch out your hands, likely involved death by crucifixion as traditional interpretation has affirmed since Tertullian in his On the Prescription of Heretics (200 A.D.). Irish firemen often use a Celtic cross design combined with a Maltese cross to represent their profession while Irish Police offers have it with a badge in the center. Vintras wore robes with Petrine crosses on them. Lil Wayne has MOB tattooed across his chest, which he says stands for Money Over Bitches. In John 21:18, Jesus predicted the desperate nature of Peters eventual death: Very truly I tell you, when you were younger you dressed yourself and went where you wanted; but when you are old you will stretch out your hands, and someone else will dress you and lead you where you do not want to go.. Garibaldi_ Posts: 18,984. A spider that is crawling out of the web can mean that the member is trying to move away from such a lifestyle. This simple yet powerful symbol has been used for centuries to represent a wide range of concepts, from religious faith to political rebellion. Peter is b ound to the cross rather than nailed to it and three figures heave it into position. Saint Aemilian was a saint that lived between the fifth and sixth centuries in La Rioja, Spain. The upside-down cross, sometimes called the Cross of St. Peter or the Petrine cross, thus became a symbol of humility. The Upside Down Cross is a unique cross that also has heavy ties to Christianity. You can also see an upside down cross on the back of the Popes chair. Now an adult, I continues to be fascinated by symbolism and its power to change lives. In his Ecclesiastical History (c. A.D. 325), Eusebius of Caesarea writes: Peter appears to have preached in Pontus, Galatia, Bithynia, Cappadocia, and Asia to the Jews of the dispersion. Gangs also tend to have tattoos of a crucified Christ, as inmates often draw comparison between their own experience and the oppression of Jesus. How can I know that I am really converted? So a person may be wearing this tattoo to represent anti-religious feelings. It also calls to mind the angel Gabriel, who is known in religion for being a messenger of God to the people. The upside-down cross is used in satanic altars. Because Peter was the rock upon which the church of Jesus Christ was built upon, this symbol of the upside down cross was highly significant, and became a part of Christian iconography. This account of Peter and Paul is substantiated by the fact that their names are preserved in the cemeteries of that place even to the present day (II.25.5). That is how the symbol became the cross of Saint Peter. An upside-down cross is generally an anti-Christian symbol, symbolizing the Antichrist or any negative connotation about Christianity as a religion. In Christianity , it is associated with the martyrdom of Peter the Apostle. There are a number of different interpretations of the upside down cross meaning. The Meaning of Angel Numbers: Are They Biblical or Demonic? She works as the chief editor of Symbol Sage but also takes the time to write on topics that interest her. The symbols became immensely popular in Christian art and funerary monuments from c. 350. Inverted crosses are used as a symbol in certain ceremonies of the Satanic Church. The Greek cross is similar to the Latin cross in the sense that Christianity used it, but mostly during its early years. Best body placement; upper (central) back, shoulder and bicep area, forearm, side of the neck, finger or hand, foot, ankle, rib (the side of the abdomen), etc. One could even say that most people will know it to be a symbol of Satan rather than a symbol of the Catholic church and God. Sometimes this tattoo is also called an inverted cross. Kevin Gates has his stylized as a star. Angel Wings Having angels wings tattooed on the body has become a popular design in mainstream tattoo culture today. This is because the Cross that Jesus was crucified on was made out of wood. What is the black cross on forehead? The symbol for Earth as one of the four classical elements in alchemy is an upside down triangle with a line through it. In Christianity, the cross is where Jesus died to save humanity, so its a significant symbol. She has a wide range of interests ranging from ancient cultures and mythology to Harry Potter and gardening. You can use it in place of "for all.". The letter M signifies Mary, who was present on the day of Calvary. A great advantage that this gives you however is that you and the artist have a large amount of creative freedom to work with. To clarify, a crucifix features an image of Jesus on the cross. The Cross symbolizes the martyrdom of Peter the Apostle, one of Jesus' twelve disciples. The Marian cross is a variant of the Latin cross with the Letter M either beside or below the Cross itself. It is used to symbolize the office of the Pope. Creepy Catalog is owned by the Thought and Expression Company, a small, independent media company. Thats why we started Creepy Catalog in 2015 as a place for creepy content and creepy people to congregate. It has historically been used as a sign of Christianity in more recent years, it has also been deployed as an anti-Christian and Satan sign. For some, it is a way to express their individualism and non-conformity. Anyone with a MOB tattoo is making it known that they are a Member of Blood. Two pre-Christian cross forms have had some vogue in Christian usage. A key thing you should note is that this symbol has been used for anti-Christianity beliefs in recent times. Also known as Saint Anthony the Abbot cross or Crux Commissar, the Tau cross is a particular type of Cross reserved for a Catholic saint known as Saint Anthony. Peter was one of the original 12 apostles that followed Jesus Christ. The upside down cross is an ancient symbol of St. Peters crucifixion. Bible Based.We believe in solo-scriptura. The symbol originates from the Catholic tradition that when sentenced to death, Peter requested that his cross be upside down, as he felt unworthy of being crucified in the same manner as Jesus. Upside down cross dream is a premonition for someone who is not as bad as you had assumed. But essentially the meaning behind the double cross / marilyn manson is still relevant. The would not have misunderstood an upside down cross as being a malevolent symbol in real life. Then does Paul obtain a birth suited to Roman citizenship, when in Rome he springs to life again ennobled by martyrdom. Pentagram or the pentacle As the cross is the most recognized symbol of Christianity, an upside down cross could represent anti-Christian sentiments. Tattoo right way up. Christianity.com is a member of the Salem Web Network of sites including: Copyright 2023, Christianity.com. I want to explain the historical and current meaning behind the most popular symbols used by Hollywood and pop culture to represent Satanism: upside-down cross, pentagram, and the upside-down pentagram. What does the upside down cross mean? Tradition tells us that when St. Peter was martyred, he insisted that he be crucified upside down as he did not believe himself worth to be crucified in the manner of his Lord. They are essentially a reverse image, using your skin as the main subject. Dr. Koch comments: 'The symbol of peace thus signifies an inverted cross and is a symbol of hatred against Christians.' - Occult ABC, p. 242. The upside-down cross, or the inverted cross, is a symbol with a long history and, in modern times, divergent meanings. Real Answers. For gang members, its often worn by high-ranking members. Should a Christian wear religious jewelry? Perhaps you are feeling helpless, unable to fulfill your own needs and caring for yourself. While the traditional Christian cross is a symbol of faith, hope, and love, the upside down cross is often associated with satanism and rebellion. Saint Anthony is said to be the Father of All Monks and holds great significance in Catholic and Orthodox Churches. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a2ed10e49bafb40 However, these details of Peters death were not explicitly recorded in the Bible. Increases Speed by 0.3. When did it originate and how did it come to be a satanic symbol? We read the lives of the Csars: At Rome Nero was the first who stained with blood the rising faith. Today, we will be examining one of them, the upside down cross. Black Dove Spiritual Meaning & Symbolism (Fertility). The many variations and ornamentations of processional, altar, and heraldic crosses, of carved and painted crosses in churches, graveyards, and elsewhere, are developments of these four types. Some sources suggest that the first person to use the inverted cross was Eugene Vintras a Christian revivalist who was the leader of two orders (the Eliate Church of Carmel and the Work of Mercy) and who claimed that he was the reincarnation of the Prophet Elijah. Pop culture has reinforced this meaning of the upside down cross. In some cases, the cross can represent St. Peter, since he was crucified on an upside-down cross as he wanted to be the complete opposite of Jesus. The upside-down peace sign representing global peace and unity persists. It was used in churches and in Christian artwork to symbolize humility and unworthiness when compared to Jesus. (upside-down broken Nero Cross, as some call it). Oh, ok - Got it! It has the same Christian meaning as the Latin cross, with the only real difference being that it was most commonly found in Ireland, Great Britain, and France during the 9th to 12th centuries. A martyr is a person who is killed for their religious beliefs. As it represents the love and respect shown to Jesus Christ by St. Peter in such a humble way, the inverted cross is considered as a symbol of humility by Catholic people. Subsequently, Western portrayals of the Crucifixion, whether painted or carved, exhibited an increasing finesse in the suggestion of pain and agony. This meaning also brings about the notion that while we are currently grounded here on earth, salvation awaits us in the heavenly realm upon resurrection of the soul. Earth is used in rituals when a Wicca practitioner is drawing attention to the divine feminine, motherhood, growth, life, and/or nature. The symbol originates from the Catholic tradition that when sentenced to death, Peter requested that his cross be upside down, as he felt unworthy of being crucified in the same manner as Jesus. She holds a Masters degree in Linguistics and Education, and has also studied Political Science, Ancient History and Literature. For others, it may be a symbol of their dark past or an emblem of their punk rock lifestyle. The Cross symbolizes the martyrdom of Peter the Apostle, one of Jesus twelve disciples. The Teardrop This tattoo has several meanings. So if youre looking for a tattoo that is both unique and visually striking, the upside down cross may be the perfect design for you. The upside down cross tattoo can also be seen as a symbol of humbleness and show that you are not concerned with worldly things and that you are willing to put yourself in a position of humility. Its also worth noting the distinction between a Latin cross and a crucifix. The Cross itself is no different from a typical Latin cross, with its material being the only difference. You may have even seen the Pope sit on a throne with an upside down cross carved into it. This view has been greatly promoted by popular culture and media, where the upside down cross is portrayed as something evil and satanic. A useful technique when Isaac have acquired Lord of the Pit is to hover over a pit and shoot at walking enemies like Globins and Gapers. The main difference that separated it from other crosses was its protrusions at the bottom of the Cross, being similar to that of an anchors hook. In popular culture, such as in music and movies, the upside down cross can mean anti-Christian and Satanist sentiments specifically or rebellion against social and political power in general. It has been used by many different groups over the years, and its meaning can vary depending on the context in which it is used. October 21, 2022, 2:48 am. The pentagram, a star within a circle, is a very old pagan symbol, certainly older than the crosses used in Christianity. In the historical case The Conjuring 2 is based on (the Enfield Poltergeist case), for instance, there were no reports of crosses being turned upside down. Despite the tense nature of the scene, the crowd surrounding Peter seem largely indifferent .. Read a brief summary of this topic cross , the principal symbol of the Christian religion , recalling the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ and the redeeming benefits of his Passion and death. As for Suge Knights, some allege his MOB tattoo may ally him with the Bloods. Also known as an inverted cross, Petrine Cross or the Cross of St. Peter, the upside down cross is a religious and an anti-religious symbol at the same time. What is the High Cross or the Irish Cross? This is the same with the pentagram , which has Christian symbolism but when inverted , is believed to represent evil and to attract dark forces. Other than that it is still popularly used by anti-christians/satanists 2 [deleted] 1 yr. ago [removed] magusat999 1 yr. ago It means something, but really it means nothing. The inverted cross emerged as a symbol of Saint Peter, one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ, who is also known as Peter the Apostle, Simeon, Simon and Simon Peter and Cephas and who was the first Bishop of Rome, that is to say, the first Pope. Personalized Stethoscope Necklace with Name - Nurse Stethoscope Pendant, Personalized Black Chain & Pendant for Men - Bar Necklace for Men, Personalized Bracelet for Mom / Grandma with Kids Names, Number Necklace - Baseball, Football, Jersey, 4 Sided Bar Necklace Personalized 3D Bar Necklace, Hotwife Anklet - Customized Hotwife Ankle Bracelet with Name, Initial Letter Earrings - Stud Alphabet Earrings, Yin Yang Meaning The Hidden Meanings of Yin and Yang. Peter wished to be crucified upside-down, as he found himself unworthy of being crucified in the same manner as Jesus. 2010 The Thought & Expression Company, LLC. The Latin cross is by far the most famous one, which is also known as the crucifix. 350+ Fun Bible Trivia Questions & Answers, 444 Meaning: What To Do If You Keep Seeing This Number, This Is What Really Happens When You Split A Viagra With Your Boyfriend. Anchor near his Left Ear 5. A full panorama tattoo that wraps around the wrist.

Alexander County Il Assessor, Electric Fireplace Making Noise When Off, What Is The Texture Of The Nutcracker, Chloe Thunderman Powers, Mr Jensen Spinal Surgeon, Articles W

what does the upside down cross mean

Ce site utilise Akismet pour réduire les indésirables. did sydney west jump off the golden gate bridge.

james arness and virginia chapman relationship
Explore
Drag